From “Forest Fires” and “Hunting” to Disturbing “Habitats” and “Food Chains”: Do Young Children Come up with any Ecological Interpretations of Human Interventions Within a Forest?

This study aims at highlighting young children’s reasoning about human interventions within a forest ecosystem. Our focus is particularly set on whether preschoolers are able to come up with any basic ecological interpretations of human actions upon forest plants or animals and how. Conducting individual, semi-structured interviews with 70 preschoolers (age 4–5), we first tested their ability to consider the forest as a habitat and recognize simple food chains in it, and then we traced their reasoning about the consequences that human actions upon plants or certain forest animals may possibly have for other animals that also live in the forest. The analysis of our qualitative data with “NVivo” software does reveal an ecological aspect in preschoolers’ reasoning, which is thoroughly discussed in the paper.     

Aggregate gradation design of asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact based on fuller＇s model

Based on Fuller＇s model, a gradation design is presented for the load-carrying capacity of an asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact. The coarse aggregate gradation, fine aggregate and filler gradation are respectively designed for their different effects on an asphalt mixture with stone-to-stone contact. The equation of coarse aggregate gradation is deduced from the Fuller＇s model. Fine aggregate gradation is calculated by using Fuller＇s equation. The asphalt mixture with the 16 mm maximum size of aggregate is verified. When the coefficient of coarse aggregate gradation is 0.35 and fine aggregate gradation is 0.25, the volume parameters of asphalt mixture meet the technical specifications. Moreover, the high temperature stability and crack resistance at low temperature are all well.     

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of formaldehyde emission characteristics and its experimental validation in environment chamber

We investigated the effect of supply air rate and temperature on formaldehyde emission characteristics in an environment chamber. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） chamber model for simulating formaldehyde emission in twelve different cases was developed for obtaining formaldehyde concentration by the area-weighted average method. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an environment chamber to validate the simulation results of twelve different cases and the formaldehyde concentration was measured by continuous sampling. The results show that there was good agreement between the model prediction and the experimental values within 4.3% difference for each case. The CFD simulation results varied in the range from 0.21 mg/m3 to 0.94 mg/m3, and the measuring results in the range from 0.17 mg/m3 to 0.87 mg/m3. The variation trend of formaldehyde concentration with supply air rate and temperature variation for CFD simulation and experiment measuring was consistent. With the existence of steady formaldehyde emission sources, formaldehyde concentration generally increased with the increase of temperature, and it decreased with the increase of air supply rate. We also provided some reasonable suggestions to reduce formaldehyde concentration and to improve indoor air quality for newly decorated rooms.     

Exploring the global significance of Chinese education: A new start for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Frontiers of Education in China</Emphasis>

Editorial

Exploring the global significance of Chinese education: A new start for Frontiers of Education in China     

Arachnoid cell involvement in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective: To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Arachnoid cells were cultured, characterized, and examined by immunofluorescence for the basal expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR). Expression of HLA-DR, after co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, was investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (FCM). The variation of arachnoid cells' ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Arachnoid cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The content of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) in culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: (1) Arachnoid cells were successfully cultured for many passages. The immunofluorescent staining was positive for HLA-DR in over 95% of the human arachnoid cells. The punctate HLA-DR was distributed in cytoplasm and not in the karyon. (2) After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, numerous particles with strong fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm on Day 6. On Day 8, the quantity of particles and fluorescent intensity were maximal. FCM showed that the percentage of HLA-DR expressing cells was (2.5±0.4)% at the first 5 d, increasing to (60.8±3.6)% on Day 7. (3) After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, many lysosome and secondary lysosome particles were present in the cytoplasm. Hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged cysts were observed, with numerous phagocytizing vesicles also observed at the edge of the arachnoid cells. (4) Arachnoid cells stimulated by bloody CSF were co-cultured in vitro with PBMCs. The content of sIL-2r in the culture medium, having been maintained at around 1.30 ng/ml during the first 3 d, had increased by Day 4. The content of sIL-2r peaked 7.53 ng/ml on Day 7 and then reduced gradually. Conclusions: (1) Basic HLA-DR expression is present in arachnoid cells. (2) After stimulation by bloody CSF, arachnoid cells have the potential to serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the ability to activate T-lymphocytes, indicating that arachnoid cells are involved in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after SAH.     

开发行业协会资源促进实践教学及毕业生就业工作的研究

本文简要剖析了我国高等院校工程应用型高级人才培养工作中实践教学及毕业生就业工作方面所面临的主要问题,结合行业协会的特点和优势,深入探讨了加强高校/行业协会合作,对促进高校实践教学及毕业生就业工作的重要意义,并结合自己的实践,就如何开发利用行业协会资源及双方可能的合作模式提出了自己的建议。     

论高校学生管理中自由与秩序的限度

我国高校学生管理中存在自由与秩序限度模糊问题。在高校内,秩序是达成教育活动、实现人的自由全面发展教育目的的必要而非充分条件,而自由是实现这一教育目的的充分条件。高等学校内部需要最低的秩序和最大化的自由。从低度人权与低度义务来看,低度行为规范应该成为自由与秩序限度的校规落脚点。     

浙江省教育信息化"十二五"发展规划

为加快浙江教育现代化步伐,构建学习型社会,建设人力资源强省,根据<国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)><浙江省中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)>和<浙江省信息化促进条例>精神,特制定<浙江省教育信息化"十二五"发展规划>.     

专家视野中的区域教育发展战略与西部教育政策 --运用德尔菲咨询法进行的调查分析

以西部大开发五年多来的教育发展为背景,采用德尔菲咨询法,调查了国内30位专家对区域教育发展战略选择和西部教育政策调整方向的意见。多数专家认为,在区域教育发展战略的选择上,应当均衡地普及九年义务教育以及高中阶段教育,非均衡地调整高等教育布局,促使国家扶持、东部地区支持与西部地区自身努力有机结合,坚持走区域特色发展、分类推进的路子。在西部教育政策的调整上,要加强中央政府政策与西部地方政府政策之间的配套;进一步协调部门政策,以切合西部教育发展实际;加强中央政策的法律支撑体系和良性运行机制建设;采取不同方式处理东、中、西部及西部内部地区之间的关系;健全投入体制,深化办学体制改革和制度创新。     

美国大学校园建筑设计纵横谈

校园建筑规划涉及多方面的问题,诸如成本、不断发展的技术与美学、对环境的影响以及各种相关政策等。四位研究者从不同的角度对有关问题发表了自己的见解。