Instructional practices in secondary science: How teachers achieve local and standards-based success

This article reports on analyses of the instructional practices of six middle- and high-school science teachers in the United States who participated in a research-practice partnership that aims to support reform science education goals at scale. All six teachers were well qualified, experienced, and locally successful—respected by students, parents, colleagues, and administrators—but they differed in their success in supporting students' three-dimensional learning. Our goal is to understand how the teachers' instructional practices contributed to their similarities in achieving local success and to differences in enabling students' learning, and to consider the implications of these findings for research-practice partnerships. Data sources included classroom videos supplemented by interviews with teachers and focus students and examples of student work. We also compared students' learning gains by teacher using pre–post assessments that elicited three-dimensional performances. Analyses of classroom videos showed how all six teachers achieved local success—they led effectively managed classrooms, covered the curriculum by teaching almost all unit activities, and assessed students' work in fair and efficient ways. There were important differences, however, in how teachers engaged students in science practices. Teachers in classrooms where students achieved lower learning gains followed a pattern of practice we describe as activity-based teaching, in which students completed investigations and hands-on activities with few opportunities for sensemaking discussions or three-dimensional science performances. Teachers whose students achieved higher learning gains combined the social stability characteristic of local classroom success with more demanding instructional practices associated with scientific sensemaking and cognitive apprenticeship. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research-practice partnerships, highlighting how partnerships need to support all teachers in achieving both local and standards-based success.     

国内图书馆内刊内报的现状调查分析——以2014中国图书馆阅读推广类十佳内刊内报为例

随着图书馆事业的蓬勃发展,我国各级各类图书馆自编自印的阅读推广类报刊已日益成为深入而广泛地开展全民阅读推广工作的重要载体。结合2014年十佳图书馆阅读推广类内刊内报开办的具体实践,论文对国内图书馆内刊内报的现状进行全面调查,探析其特点,剖析其成功经验及存在的问题,以期引起同行的关注,为探求适合我国图书馆内部期刊发展的新路提供一些借鉴。     

园林解说系统的技术创新探讨

革除空泛"说教",提升"说服"力度,成为我国当前和未来园林解说系统发展的必然选择。本文基于技术创新的时代背景以及园林解说系统的发展现状,以南昌天香园为案例实证分析园林解说系统的有效性,并在此基础上,构建园林解说系统的技术创新模式,提出园林解说系统的技术创新策略。     

Multi-objective output feedback control for autonomous spacecraft rendezvous

In this paper, the problem of robust output feedback control for a class of spacecraft rendezvous systems is investigated, which contains parameter uncertainty, external disturbance, poles assignment, _H∞-norm$H_{\infty }\mathrm{-}\mathrm{norm}$, variance and input constraints. The aim of this problem is to design a dynamic output feedback controller such that the closed-loop poles are placed within a specified disc, the _H∞$H_{\infty }$ norm of the transfer function from disturbance to output is ensured to be less than a prespecified disturbance attenuation level, the steady-state variance for each state of spacecraft rendezvous system is guaranteed to be less than the prespecified individual upper bound, and the actual control input is confined into a certain range simultaneously. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the existence conditions of such controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.     

我国高新技术资源技术多样化与技术收敛分析

本文在前人研究的基础上分析了技术多样化与技术收敛的关系,认为技术收敛表现为技术的逆-多样化发展,并指出技术创新是技术多样化与技术收敛不断交替的过程。在此基础上,本文提出了一种分析技术收敛的实证方法 -网络图形分析法,并结合已有的实证方法分别从不同的角度分析了我国高新技术领域的技术多样化与技术收敛特征。在技术多样化层面,从技术领域的多样化角度看,其多样化排序为:ICT燃料电池核能源技术生物技术环境相关技术。从技术用途的多样化角度看,其多样化排序为:生物技术燃料电池环境相关技术ICT核能源技术;在技术收敛层面,我国高新技术资源不存在σ绝对技术收敛,但存在β绝对技术收敛,且以2.4%的速度逐步趋向稳态水平。在技术资源的跨产业收敛方面:H05K在ICT领域、A61P和C07H在生物技术领域、B32B、H02J、C02F和C07C在燃料电池领域出现了产业间的技术收敛现象。     

青岛海洋信息资源建设研究综述和分析

阐述了青岛地区建设海洋信息资源的优势,青岛地区主要高校和科研机构的海洋信息资源分布,以及海洋期刊和图书编辑出版情况;分析了青岛地区海洋信息资源建设主要问题,提出了建设青岛地区海洋信息资源共享体系的设想,包括建立跨行业海洋信息共享体系、建立区域联盟。     

辽宁省农村农业信息化门户网站平台建设研究

辽宁农业信息化网站平台基于现代农业的发展需求,结合辽宁地区农业发展现状,以标准化、统一化、科学化为依据,从网站的体系结构、功能模块设计和数据库的设计等方面提出了本地区农业信息网站建设总体思路、前后台功能管理及网站信息资源建设内容,为进一步开展农业信息网站的建设提供参考。     

基于过程分析的科技成果转化激励机制研究

科技成果转化问题,是影响一个国家和地区科技发展的关键因素。提高科技成果转化效率,越来越成为创新型城市建设中亟待解决的问题。而在科技成果转化的过程中,不同的激励因素发挥作用的程度不同,本文将科技成果转化过程分成3个阶段,根据不同阶段的社会经济活动特点、风险性种类及大小、所需资源情况,针对性地制定出不同阶段的具体激励机制,因而对科技成果转化的激励机制研究具有理论与实际的指导意义。     

突发事件网络舆情示范效应及其消解

为细致分析突发事件网络舆情示范效应的表现形式、社会影响和消解方式,利用案例归纳与逻辑分解的方式,提出突发事件网络舆情示范效应包括话语示范、认知示范、行为示范和规则示范四种形式,并且认为舆情示范会带来舆情同质化、事件系列化、规则病态化、公信力危机和风险常态化等社会性问题或病症,需要网民、媒体和政府等多元主体在认知突发事件网络舆情存在示范效应并会带来负面影响的基础上,从避免舆情贴牌生产、避免认知单向与反向以及避免指导式报道等角度消解突发事件网络舆情示范效应。     

基于案例分析的国外在华“微传播”政府应对研究--以新浪微博为例

以国外政府机构和政要入驻新浪微博的典型案例为研究对象,利用内容分析法和案例分析法,探析国外在华“微传播”现象并总结相应政府应对策略。研究发现,国外政府机构和政要善用自媒体社交工具展开全方位的信息传播与价值输出,对此,我国一方面要关注、警惕,另一方面也要学习、借鉴。