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MAARTEN BIERMANS UULKJE DE JONG MARKO VAN LEEUWEN & JAAP ROELEVELD 《European Journal of Education》2005,40(4):433-445
This study focuses on the shortage of graduates in science/technology in the Netherlands. First, the potential reserves of students in science/technology are mapped. Second, the effects of measures to mobilise the reserves are investigated in terms of size and cost effectiveness. Efforts aimed at solving the enormous shortage of higher education graduates in science and technology in the Netherlands should start by evaluating what is available in this area. Research shows that the country's vast resources include considerable reserves of science and technology talent. These reserves comprise students who, although having met the entry requirements, ultimately did not opt for a technical or science study programme. Several measures could mobilise these reserves; some are presented in this article along with the influence they are estimated to have. Although the effect of these measures seems to be substantial, they leave much to be desired in terms of cost effectiveness. Moreover, they are still simulations, and the measures have not (yet) been tested in practice. Therefore, additional (experimental) research on such policy measures continues to be desirable. 相似文献
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ERIC DORÉ PASCALE DUCHÉ DAVID ROUFFET SÉBASTIEN RATEL MARIO BEDU EMMANUEL VAN PRAAGH 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):135-142
The aim of this study was to examine the consistency or reproducibility of measuring cycling peak power in children and adults. Twenty-seven pre-pubertal girls and boys and 27 female and male physical education students (age 9.8±0.5 and 24.4±4.3 years, respectively; mean±s) participated in the study. All participants performed five tests over 15 days and underwent a habituation session before the study. Each test included four sprints against four different braking forces. We found that braking forces of 7.5% of body weight in children and 10% of body weight in adults were too high for most of the participants to elicit maximal cycling power. Unlike the children, the physical education students improved their performance between session 1 and session 2 (1025±219 vs 1069±243 W; P<0.001). Therefore, to obtain reproducible measures of cycling peak power, a habituation session including a complete test protocol (i.e. warm-up plus three sprints) is highly recommended. When the protocol included three sprints in children and at least two sprints in adults, measurement of cycling peak power was found to be highly reliable (test-retest coefficient of variation ~3%). Finally, to avoid performance fluctuations, especially over several consecutive evaluations (e.g. longitudinal studies), it is necessary to maintain high motivation in children. 相似文献
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RITA VAN DER VORST 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1998,23(2):171-179
This paper addresses the changing role of engineers in industry and society with specific reference to the increasing environmental pressures on industry. Sustainable development, as discussed widely since the Brundtland Report in 1987, provides a broad framework for environmental activities in industry. The intended move—worldwide—towards sustainable development involves engineering in the key role of designing and managing ‘Clean Technology’, i.e. of technological systems which are less harmful, more efficient and socially as well as environmentally acceptable. The paper examines the extent to which professional engineers can work and achieve sustainable development within their professional roles and considers their roles and responsibilities involved in such a move. Special emphasis is given to the role of creativity, ethics and the demand for professionalism in the changing roles of engineers. The examination of the ethical and professional issues identified is used together with the observed changes in industrial systems and engineering roles to determine new educational needs of those engineers driving future developments in industry. 相似文献
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The basic outlines of the European engineering educational systems are presented in the SEFI guide 1990. This article contains further detailed information on the characteristic elements of the two parallel systems which exist in the Netherlands. Attention is given to the common elements of both systems and to the points where they differ. The entrance qualifications of the enrolling students, the role of the government and the impact of the relations with industry are briefly reported. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the situation of women who study engineering in the Netherlands. Quantitative data expressing the underrepresentation of women in engineering is presented against the background of some characteristics of the Dutch society. Next we consider the position of the women who did enter a technical university. Their drop-out rates are compared with those of men. Drawing on the results of our qualitative interviews, we sketch a picture of factors and processes which influence the course of their study. It is argued that the social intergration of women affects the way they deal with the two dominant questions ‘can I do it’ and ‘do I want this’. 相似文献
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HARRY VAN MEYGAARD 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1985,10(2):177-184
After a brief introduction the extension of engineering education in the Netherlands after World War II is described. A scheme of the national education system is given. Some attention is paid to post-academic education in engineering and to practical training in industry. Throughout the paper the question of funding is emphasised. The core of the paper is devoted to a new phenomenon at the Universities of Technology in the Netherlands, namely the ‘Transfer Points’ and the help given to new entrepreneurs. A plea is made for a better contact between the Higher Technical Schools and industry, to improve the training and understanding of students as well as staff in industry and for enhancing feedback of experience in industry to the curriculum planners for the future. 相似文献