浅谈交际教学法在英语教学中的应用

从语言是人类交际工具的角度分析了传统英语教学方法的不足，提出了交际教学法这一较有影响力的语言教学法，及其在英语教学实践中运用的具体方法。     

Activity of metalloproteinases and adiponectin in obese patients— a possible factor of incisional hernias after bariatric procedures

Purpose

Metalloproteinases are a key component of the pathogenesis of abdominal hernias. Obesity is considered a risk factor in herniogenesis and hernia recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, MMP-13, and adiponectin in morbidly obese and nonoverweight controls.

Materials and methods

The participants were recruited from among patients undergoing bariatric and non-bariatric surgery and divided into two groups: I (body mass index (BMI)≥35 kg/m², n=40) and II (BMI<25 kg/m², n=30). Serum concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and adiponectin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

A statistically significant difference between groups was observed for MMP-2 concentration. The median MMP-9 concentration was higher in the obese group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Median MMP-13 concentrations did not differ between groups. Serum adiponectin concentration was insignificantly higher in the non-obese group.

Conclusions

The elevated serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations in obese individuals may be related to the higher incidence of incisional hernias in this population.

     

The elusive nature of whole system improvement in education

Whole system improvement—where the vast majority of schools improve—is difficult to achieve. Some jurisdictions use what turns out to be ‘wrong’ policy drivers like testing and evaluation. Rather, success turns out to depend on changing the culture of schools and their relationship to the infrastructure of policies and regulation. I examined the six cases studies in the light of whole system change criteria. Two of the case studies, South Africa and India, represent limited but useful examples in that they focus on basic skills like literacy. A second set of two studies, Escuela Nueva and LCP in Mexico, represent strong examples of how bottom up strategies can spread to significant levels. The final two, Long Beach in the US and Ontario, are strong examples of how deep change can be accomplished by focusing on a few core priorities and then building a culture over a number of years to support and sustain the changes. The paper then draws conclusions about the conditions that will be required for large scale change to occur.     

一种用于宽动态范围上的高精度散射测量的标准方法

The co-effect of transmitted power fluctuation and system nonlinearity produce deviations in scatterometer measurement results . An internal calibration method to deal with this problem is proposed. The method can result in more precise scatterometric measurements in a wide range. The basic principle of the method is combining real-transmitted-power detection with the calibration of system nonlinearity. A practical scheme to implement the method is also presented, which is developed based on a special designed mechanism of a microwave radiometer-scatterometer combined system.     

试论民初军阀的地盘问题

地盘是军阀生存的基础,对地盘利益的争夺构成了军阀活动的主要内容.军阀地盘的位置关系及其空间分布影响军阀势力的发展和彼此之间的关系,军阀间地盘利益冲突的不可调和性,是军阀政争的死结,导致彼此陷入一个难以自拔的战争泥潭,进而在战争中走向灭亡.     

The rewarding effects of number and surface area of food in rats

Visual cues have an important role in food preference for both rats and humans. Here, we aim to isolate the effects of numerosity, density, and surface area on food preference and running speed in rats, by using a forced-choice maze paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats preferred and ran faster for a group of multiple smaller pellets rather than a single large pellet, corroborating previous research (Capaldi, Miller, & Alptekin Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15(1), 75–80, 1989). Further experiments tested the prevailing hypothesis that multiple food pieces are more reinforcing because they occupy a larger surface area. Experiment 2 controlled for numerosity by utilizing a continuous food: mashed potatoes flattened to cover a larger surface area or rounded into a ball. The rats preferred and ran faster for the flattened potatoes, suggesting surface area plays a role in quantity estimations. Finally, in Experiment 3, rats displayed no preference or difference in running speed between a group of scattered and clustered pellets when number of pellets were kept constant. Taken together, these results suggest that density has an important role in food perception—that is, the rewarding effect of higher numerosity or larger surface area is removed when the food does not fill out the entire space. Alternative explanations and implications for human diet are discussed.     

想象练习法在简化太极拳教学中的运用

依据运动心理学、运动生理学和学校体育学科理论,运用"想象练习法"的特点、原理实施太极拳教学,能够收到事半功倍的教学效果.     

教师专业化背景下的教师共同体构建

教师专业化是教师渐进成长的过程,教师的成长是通过教师的不断学习得以实现的,教师群体是一个学习共同体,因此,在学校中构建教师学习共同体是激发教师学习的内在动机、营造教师学习的环境氛围、健全教师学习的组织机制的重要保障。