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81.
When attempting to consult with school personnel, psychologists frequently encounter various forms of resistance. This paper conceptualizes resistance to consultation services within a behavioral/cognitive behavioral framework, and discusses how resistance can result from contingencies operating at both the system and the building levels. 相似文献
82.
83.
Summary and conclusions Suffering intensely from lack of funds for construction of trans mission facilities and under heavy criticism from commercial
broadcasters, industry, some federal agencies, and other opponents of ETV expansion for their slow activation of educationally
reserved channels, proponents of the ETV movement turned to Congress for help. In 1956, the idea of federal aid to ETV took
specific shape with Leonard H. Marks, a Washington communications attorney, Senator Warren Magnuson, and those within the
ranks of various educational institutions. Although under constant pressure from the U. S. Office of Education, the NAEB,
the NEA, and other educational organizations and citizens who contributed long hours of testimony to show the need for federal
assistance to ETV, Congress—especially the House of Representativeswas not altogether willing to enact legislation which would
give the federal government even the slightest excuse for becoming involved in what was considered by many to be a state problem.
Nevertheless, after considerable testimony and debate, including the addition of a strong “no Federal control” clause, Congress
approved a modified version of Magnuson’s original bill; and what has proved to be the most significant development in educational
television since the Sixth Report and Order of 1952, Public Law 87–447 provided $32 million for the construction of ETV facilities.
Through the efforts of men like Marks, Magnuson, Roberts, and others of the Congress; of organizations such as the NAEB, the
NEA, and the U. S. Office of Education; and because of the willingness of the American public to accept promising educational
innovation at a time when it was most urgently needed—and via the controversial federal pursestrings, at that—ETV was probably
snatched from the jaws of disaster. But now, for better or worse, it is with us to stay—a giant among the new educational
technology of the twentieth century. 相似文献
84.
Sacrificial girls: a case study of the impact of streaming and setting on gender reform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emma Charlton Martin Mills Wayne Martino Lori Beckett 《British Educational Research Journal》2007,33(4):459-478
This article reports on research funded by the Australian Research Council to investigate school responses to gender equity. It addresses the efforts of a disadvantaged school to tackle what they perceived to be gender inequalities, but in the process of constructing a top‐set and bottom‐set/stream class they are developing new forms of old inequalities and new forms of inequalities. This research indicates that despite popular assertions that girls' education has become the priority of schools and education systems, girls are being further disadvantaged through attempts to implement market strategies coupled with gender reform agendas grounded in liberal notions of equity and relying on unsophisticated notions of affirmative action. In addition, this study highlights the extent to which a media‐driven debate about boys' education has influenced the constitution of boys as the ‘new disadvantaged’ with the capacity to determine the nature of gender reform agendas and programmes in schools. 相似文献
85.
Nathalie Sanquirgo Richard Turton John Killeen Wayne Diamond Monique Wach 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2004,19(3):295-314
A survey was conducted to examine the strength of beliefs among French school pupils in three perceptions of the education-labor market link traditionally studied in the economy of human capital: ‘productivity’, ‘screening’ and ‘credentialism’. 247 male and female French students aged between 14 and 24 years responded to a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The purpose of the study is by means of introducing the concepts of ‘productivity’, ‘screening’ and ‘credentialism’ into the field of psychology of education to identify on the one hand the relative dominance of these three conceptions, and on the other hand to study each in relation to classical demographic variables and psychosocial variables such as academic self-evaluation, self-assessment of the range of vocational options and type of education and training sought by the pupils. Results indicate that students are more inclined to believe that the achievement of academic degrees acts more as a ‘screening’ device and as evidence of achievement than a factor enhancing productivity in the workplace. It seems that the variability of the role assigned to education as regards employability depends on the students' social and academic standing and on the way they deal with it. 相似文献
86.
Forman W 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2003,8(1):92-96
Aerial spelling is the term given here for the way many deaf people in New Zealand, especially the elderly, manually represent letters of the alphabet. It is simply a system using the index finger to write letter(s) "in the air" and is an integral part of New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL). Unfortunately, recent research into NZSL is either dismissive of it or fails to acknowledge it. This article describes aerial spelling and discusses its nature, as well as its indifferent treatment in current literature. 相似文献
87.
Co‐teaching is a widely used instructional approach to meet the needs of all students in inclusive classrooms across the globe. Despite the widespread implementation of the practice, little is known about how teachers are prepared to use it. This study examined the extent to which 77 teachers were prepared to use co‐teaching. Results indicated that a majority of the teachers are underprepared in its use. Recommendations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
88.
ABSTRACT: It has been reported that students learn best when they use a wide variety of techniques to understand the information of the discipline, be it visual, auditory, discussion with others, metacognition, hands-on activities, or writing about the subject. We report in this article the use of academic journals not only as an aid for students to learn about content knowledge needed in an Experimental Foods course, but also as a way to have students think about and reflect on their own personal values. The topics of these journal entries cover several of the core competencies in the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Undergraduate Education Standards for Degrees in Food Science. These are basic principles of food science, as well as address several "Success Skills" (written communication, critical thinking, professionalism, life-long learning, interaction skills, and organizational skills). While there are no quantitative "measurements" of gains in learning, comments from the students indicate that learning took place, critical reasoning occurred, and personal values were analyzed. A guideline for writing and grading academic journals and a simple rubric for scoring the quality of the writing are included. 相似文献
89.
Two groups of rats each received 5 drops of NaCl solution from a dropper placed directly inside the mouth. The experimental group was then injected with lithium chloride to establish a conditioned taste aversion. The control group was injected 24 h later. After a recovery day the above procedures were repeated. On the next day both groups received 5 drops of a saccharin solution followed immediately by 5 drops of the NaCl solution. Subsequent preference tests established that the experimental group had learned an aversion to the saccharin solution as a result of its pairing with the NaCl solution which had previously been associated with poisoning. These results demonstrate that higher order conditioning of a taste aversion can be established using tastes as both the first-order stimulus and the second-order stimulus. 相似文献
90.
Abstract This article reviews the application of the Industrial Organization (10) framework of Structure‐Conduct‐Performance (S‐C‐P) in media market research. The constructs and premises of this economic model are restated, and the orthodox economic notions of market performance and the logic that underlies the model are clarified. Alongside these elucidations, this article discusses common conceptualizations and interpretations found in media market studies. Media issues such as content diversity and media concentration, which are often studied through the S‐C‐P approach, are also re‐examined. These deliberations are intended to contribute toward a more consistent framework for the study of media industries and markets. 相似文献