A Methylome‐Wide Association Study of Trajectories of Oppositional Defiant Behaviors and Biological Overlap With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

In 671 mother–child (49% male) pairs from an epidemiological birth cohort, we investigated (a) prospective associations between DNA methylation (at birth) and trajectories (ages 7–13) of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and the ODD subdimensions of irritable and headstrong; (b) common biological pathways, indexed by DNA methylation, between ODD trajectories and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); (c) genetic influence on DNA methylation; and (d) prenatal risk exposure associations. Methylome‐wide significant associations were identified for the ODD and headstrong, but not for irritable. Overlap analysis indicated biological correlates between ODD, headstrong, and ADHD. DNA methylation in ODD and headstrong was (to a degree) genetically influenced. DNA methylation associated with prenatal risk exposures of maternal anxiety (headstrong) and cigarette smoking (ODD and headstrong).     

The deployment,training and teacher relationships of teaching assistants supporting pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in mainstream secondary schools

Growing numbers of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are attending mainstream schools, and increasing numbers of additional staff are being deployed to support them. Recent research has cast doubt on the effectiveness of this support, by highlighting issues relating to deployment and training, and to relationships with class teachers. This study, conducted by Wendy Symes, who is a Research Associate at the University of Manchester, and Neil Humphrey, who is Professor of Education in the same university, interviewed 15 teaching assistants supporting pupils with ASD in four mainstream secondary schools in the north‐west of England to explore these issues. Analysis yielded several key findings. The majority of teaching assistants worked with just one pupil at a time and worked in a variety of lessons. Their role primarily involved helping pupils to stay focused and follow instructions. Many teaching assistants had no experience of ASD prior to starting their job. The amount of training received varied, but all felt that generic training about ASD was not helpful. A lack of time for joint planning with teachers was raised as a key concern. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on inclusive education for pupils with ASD.     

企业核心竞争力的模糊综合评价

企业的核心竞争力决定一个企业的命运,打造企业核心竞争力是一项长期的系统工程,需要以深入的分析、清晰的思路、系统的实施方法作为支持,本文运用集合、权重、模糊数学方法,构建了企业核心竞争力的指标体系,提出了对企业核心竞争力进行综合评价的方法,为企业客观评价、及时调整企业战略提供了依据,有利于提高企业的竞争能力。     

Teachers’ journeys towards critical use of ICT

Teachers have a central role in developing new learning models in schools. This paper describes a study that explored teachers’ confidence and competence in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as they participated in an ICT development project conducted by an Australian education system in 12 primary schools. The project aimed to develop ICT integrated teaching practices by providing in‐class equipment and teacher professional development in ICT use, curriculum development and teaching strategies. The study used qualitative data from teacher records of Professional Development and Action Learning to identify three of four stages proposed to describe teachers’ ICT learning. Teachers moved from gaining basic ICT skills, to conducting ICT‐focused lessons and eventually appropriate ICT integration. Teachers who progressed to the third stage were able to exploit additional learning opportunities and begin to make fundamental changes to their pedagogy, but needed more time to reach the final stage of challenging existing pedagogical structures.     

合作体验学习法

合作体验学习法（Tribes Learning Communities）是北美学校教育改革比较成功的一种尝试,打破传统的教师为中心的课堂管理模式,创造以学生为中心的课堂氛围,将课堂重心从教师教转到学生学。本文介绍几种在这样的教学指导思想下的教学策略框架,供课改中正在探索的老师们借鉴参考。     

Coming of Age? Overview of Career Guidance Policy and Practice in Australia

In recent years significant international focus has highlighted the critical importance of managing life, learning and work in a constantly changing labour market. This changing world and the corresponding need for individuals to engage in repeated decision-making about learning and work has raised the importance of and necessity for the provision of career development services across the lifespan. This challenge is being addressed by many countries across the globe. Within this context, this paper discusses the initiatives enhancing the status of career service provision in Australia.     

Normative Growth Expectations Must Be Realistic: A Response to Phillips and Clarizio

Phillips and Clarizio (1988) make a serious error In concluding that developmental standard score scales produce unrealistic expectations for growth of low-achieving students. The nature of their error is described in this response to their paper.     

我国优秀青少年男子足球队教练员领导行为的研究

本文通过《运动领导行为量表》(简称LSS)对中国青少年足球运动员喜爱的及教练员实际的领导行为进行了测量与研究，分析了领导行为维度指标与运动员特征。教练员特征及比赛成绩等因素之间的关系。研究结果表明：不同年龄、不同运动年限和不同位置的运动员对教练领导行为的喜爱程度不一样；年龄、执教年限或运动年限不同的教练员实际的领导行为之间差异显著；不同成绩组球队运动员喜爱的及其教练员实际的领导行为之间也存在着显著性差异。