中国东部沿海地区义务教育阶段城乡课堂环境差异

Totally 789 students from 18 schools (9 primary schools and 9 junior high schools) at a medium managed level from Shanghai, Wenzhou, and Aojiang, which are located in the Eastern coastal developed areas of China were investigated with the questionnaire of Hong Kong Classroom Environment Scale in this study. The result indicates that the actual classroom environment in the Eastern coastal developed areas at the present stage of curriculum reform is as follows. (1) The satisfaction of the students is above the average. Teachers’ involvement and support are higher than collaboration, classroom order and the student involvement. (2) There are significant differences between urban and rural areas. The big cities are better than the middle-sized cities, while the latter are better than the counties in the aspects of collaboration, teacher involvement and support. The big cities are better than counties, but the counties are better than the middle-sized cities in the aspects of classroom order and student involvement. (3) The three main types of the actual classroom environment are high, middle and low ones, which distribute in a descending way in big cities, middle-sized cities and counties. (4) Per capita GDP of a region is a main factor affecting classroom environment. __________ Translated from Jiaoyu Xuebao 教育学报(Journal of Educational Studies), 2007, 3(3): 77–85     

关于商事信用的若干思考

商事信用是商法的一个基本范畴,是信用在商事领域的具体体现。本文从商法的角度对商事信用进行了以下几个方面的简单阐述:对于商事信用的内涵,从“商“的角度进行剖析,阐明其与商主体的关系;商法中关于维护商事信用的制度;在信用缺失的今天,对商事信用的规制构想。     

Vertical distribution of sediment concentration

A simple formula is proposed to predict the vertical distribution of a suspended load concentration in a 2D steady turbulent flow. The proposed formula significantly improves the well-known Rouse formula where sediment concentration has an infinitely large value at the channel bottom and a zero value at the water surface. Based on this formula and the logarithmic velocity profile, a theoretical elementary function for the transport rate of a suspended load is developed. This equation improves the Einstein equation in which the unit-width suspended sediment discharge must be solved by numerical integration and a contradiction between the lower limit of the integral and that of velocity distribution exists.     

未成年人校园暴力犯罪的刑法规制探析

近年来,未成年人校园暴力犯罪呈低龄化趋势。从刑法基础理论出发,总结当前未成年人校园暴力犯罪的特征,阐述规制未成年人校园暴力犯罪的理论基础,剖析未成年人校园暴力犯罪刑法规制的缺陷与不足,提出增加规制校园暴力犯罪的专门立法和司法解释;优化对未成年人校园暴力犯罪案件的司法适用等建议,预防和矫正未成年人校园暴力犯罪,充分发挥刑法“惩治犯罪”与“保障人权”的作用。     

论勘察思想政治教育基础理论的基础

新时代思想政治教育创新发展呼唤思想政治教育基础理论建设。思想政治教育基础理论的“基础”问题是思想政治教育基础理论研究中的基础,应作为普遍推进思想政治教育基础理论研究的起点。这是提出勘察思想政治教育基础理论的基础的重要原由。对思想政治教育基础理论中的基础部分以及思想政治教育的存在基础、实践基础、外部基础展开系统勘察,可以将今天研究与学科设立之初研究连接起来,形成思想政治教育理论研究的历史整体,增强思想政治教育的历史唯物主义思维。在勘察中,重视思想政治教育理论史研究,可以培养和促进思想政治教育年轻学者的学术成长。勘察思想政治教育基础理论的基础,要运用科学方法论及方法。这主要有回到历史起点、“向后思维”的方法,运用整体与个别相结合和历史与逻辑相统一的方法。     

Hemin-induced increase in saponin content contributes to the alleviation of osmotic and cold stress damage to Conyza blinii in a heme oxygenase 1-dependent manner

Hemin can improve the stress resistance of plants through the heme oxygenase system. Additionally, substances contained in plants, such as secondary metabolites, can improve stress resistance. However, few studies have explored the effects of hemin on secondary metabolite content. Therefore, the effects of hemin on saponin synthesis and the mechanism of plant injury relief by hemin in Conyza blinii were investigated in this study. Hemin treatment promoted plant growth and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and saponin content of C. blinii under osmotic stress and cold stress. Further study showed that hemin could provide sufficient precursors for saponin synthesis by improving the photosynthetic capacity of C. blinii and increasing the gene expression of key enzymes in the saponin synthesis pathway, thus increasing the saponin content. Moreover, the promotion effect of hemin on saponin synthesis is dependent on heme oxygenase-1 and can be reversed by the inhibitor Zn-protoporphyrin-IX(ZnPPIX). This study revealed that hemin can increase the saponin content of C. blinii and alleviate the damage caused by abiotic stress, and it also broadened the understanding of the relationship between hemin and secondary metabolites in plant abiotic stress relief.     

中小学中层干部应具备的素养

学校中层干部是学校发展的中坚力量,在促进学校内部治理体系和治理能力现代化中担负重要职责。如何发挥学校中层干部作为校长助手和学校发展推手的重要作用,使之成为落实学校办学理念,促进学校发展变革的支撑力量,是每一位中小学校长需要思考的问题。中层领导干部的素养可以从政治站位、责任担当、大局意识和学习能力等方面来加以提升。     

试论如何在生物教学中联系学生生活经验

在生物教学中,教师要关注学生已有的生活经验,培养学生的主动学习能力。因此,可采取多样化、高效的教学方法激发学生的生物学习兴趣,为学生营造活跃、积极的生物课堂氛围,并借助多媒体手段引入学生熟知的生活化因素,引导学生将生物学知识与生活相联系,以提升生物课堂教学效率。     

天真之眼——绘本在儿童哲学中的另一种运用

绘本不应该只是一个“插图故事”.绘本里的图画和文字以一种特殊方式相辅相成,每一幅图画都留下了空白让读者去填补,读者甚至可以从不同类型的分析和理解中衍生出不同的故事.由于儿童的大脑和眼睛更愿意与直观图片打交道,所以催生了读图时代.并且儿童对图画的观看不只是机械的复制,而是带有批判性和创造性的思考,这一思考同时还包含了儿童学习和成长所需要的的抽象、分析、综合、补足、纠正、比较、结合、分离、在背景中突出某物等一系列能力.为此,教师可以组织运用以儿童为中心的VTS策略,借助儿童的理性思考和丰富想象,将感性与理性、感知与思维相融合,为我们以绘本实施儿童哲学教育开辟一种新方式.