终极娱乐——给魔术师和心灵魔术师的导演笔记（节选）

提升你的水平我的儿子,达瑞（Daryl）曾积极地参加竞争非常激烈的青少年网球赛。在12岁前他已经学得了所有的基本技巧。在接近20岁时,他的身高已经达到1．83米以上,他和他的同伴已经可以在球场上与任何一个世界级的职业选手匹敌了。他也许没办法赢过这些职业选手,但他可以得分,而你若不在场看个一段时间,你会分辨不出职业选手跟这些青少年选手的水准有什么不同。     

Die Unzulässigkeit fremdsprachiger Curricula an österreichischen Universitäten

Bei der Ausarbeitung der Curricula an den österreichischen Universitäten im Gefolge der Implementierung des UG 2002 werden auch Teile des Studienangebots in Fremdsprachen angeboten, ja es werden zum Teil weite Teile oder sogar das gesamte Studienangebot einzelner Studien in Fremdsprachen angeboten. Dies ist nicht auf Sprach- bzw Kulturstudien beschränkt. Diese Bestrebungen wollen der Internationalisierung der österreichischen Universitäten Vorschub leisten. Allerdings stößt dies auf schwerwiegende rechtliche Bedenken. Die Verfassungsbestimmung des § 5 UniStG, die in das UG 2002 übergeleitet wurde, ermächtigt nur den Bundesgesetzgeber, die Einführung von fremdsprachigen Lehrveranstaltungen, Prüfungen etc mit verpflichtendem Charakter vorzusehen. Der Gesetzgeber hat bei der Erlassung des UG 2002 eine solche Ermächtigung nicht vorgesehen. Da das Studienrecht in Hoheitsverwaltung vollzogen wird, gilt das strenge Legalitätsprinzip des Art 18 Abs 1 und 2 B-VG. Danach wären verpflichtende fremdsprachige Prüfungen und Lehrveranstaltungen schlechthin ausgeschlossen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird jedoch der Frage nachgegangen, ob dieses Verbot absolut gilt oder ob zumindest bei Sprach- bzw Kulturstudien, wo ein fremdsprachiger Teil der Curricula nicht nur sinnvoll, sondern auch notwendig ist, zulässig ist. Dabei wird das Problem der Amtssprache des Art 8 B-VG ebenso zu erörtern sein wie die Frage nach den immanenten Grenzen des Verbots fremdsprachiger Curricula. Die Frage wird letztlich vom Gesetzgeber zu entscheiden sein.     

Preliminary development of a measure of sibling relational maintenance behaviors: Scale development and initial findings

Two studies were conducted to examine the use of relational maintenance behaviors in the sibling relationship. In the first study, the specific relational maintenance behaviors used by siblings were identified. A principal components factor analysis of 70 previously generated behaviors used by 363 participants revealed six factors: confirmation, humor, social support, family visits, escape, and verbal aggression. In the second study, the link between the six relational maintenance behaviors used by siblings and the relational outcomes of liking, commitment, and trust was explored. Results indicate the confirmation, humor, social support, and family visits relational maintenance behaviors are correlated positively with liking, commitment, and trust, but the verbal aggression relational maintenance behavior failed to correlate with liking, commitment, or trust.     

Modelling Opportunity Recognition Competence as a Foundation for Teaching and Learning in Vocational Education

Due to tremendous worldwide changes, the entrepreneurial imperative demands innovation. Therefore, companies as well as employees require innovative thinking and acting skills to cope with modern challenges. Opportunity Recognition represents the starting point for such entrepreneurial endeavours. Hence, this paper focuses on modelling Opportunity Recognition as well as the development of an Opportunity Recognition competence model as the foundation for teaching and learning in vocational education. Building on vocational situations that trigger innovations (opportunities) and the necessary competence facets that are needed to apply competent vocational behaviour in such situations (Opportunity Recognition), we conduct a systematic literature review and develop a comprehensive Opportunity Recognition competence model. We thereby link the found vocational situations (opportunities) with the found more abstract and latent competence facets of Opportunity Recognition and operationalise them by more observable indicators, which can be construed as evidence for the latent construct and related to successful performance in associated vocational situations. This modelling procedure of “evidence-based reasoning” allows inferences from the observed behaviour to the underlying, although not directly observable, Opportunity Recognition competence. The resulting Opportunity Recognition competence model may serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based curricular goals for vocational education through both instruction and assessment.     

An assessment of the behavior of sexually abused and nonsexually abused children with anatomically correct dolls

The behaviors of two groups of children were observed and recorded in their play with anatomically correct dolls. One group had been determined to have been sexually abused and the other group had not been determined to have been sexually abused. The findings show that significantly more children who had been sexually abused demonstrated sexual behavior(s) with the anatomically correct dolls than did the group of children who had not been sexually abused. These findings suggest that anatomically correct dolls are a useful instrument in sexual abuse investigations.     

Flirting Competence: An Experimental Study on Appropriate and Effective Opening Lines

An experiment was conducted to examine the appropriateness and effectiveness of five flirtatious opening lines enacted by a male participant to initiate conversation with a female participant. Video messages were constructed to represent the following opening lines: direct introductions, direct compliments, humor attempts, cute–flippant lines, and third-party introductions. Participants were 642 college students who viewed one of these five videos and reported on the appropriateness and effectiveness of an opening line after controlling for perceptions of actor physical attractiveness. Results indicated that participants rated the third-party introduction and direct introduction opening lines as the most appropriate, whereas the third-party introduction was perceived as the most effective. Direct compliments, humor attempts, and cute–flippant lines were rated as equally inappropriate and ineffective.