上海女子气手枪运动员击发和收枪时脑电相干性分析

通过脑电相干性分析,探讨运动员射击中击发和收枪两种不同运动表现时各脑区间的沟通差异。采用64导脑电测试系统记录12名女子气手枪运动员击发与收枪时的脑电,将两种不同表现击发前的脑电分为4个时间段（每段1 000 ms）,分别计算低-alpha频段（8~10 Hz）、高-alpha频段（11~13 Hz）、低-beta频段（14~22 Hz ）中前额区（Fz）与其他脑区间(额区、中央区、顶区、枕区和颞区)的相干性。结果发现,在低-alpha频段,与收枪时相比,运动员击发时大脑信息沟通较少,表明击发时运动员只需要较低的皮层唤醒和注意努力。左脑脑波相干性显著低于右脑,表明大脑半球不同功能体现在了运动员射击过程中,运动员射击时右半球交流多,注意力转移以视觉空间为主。不同表现过程中不同时间点显示了不同高低的脑波相干性,故推断稳定的大脑皮质活动与较好的运动表现有关。     

A new pedagogical model for adventure in the curriculum: part one – advocating for the model

Background: In recent years increasing attention has been given to models-based approaches to physical education as a way of promoting standards and particular types of learning through better alignment of teacher planning and delivery with pupil learning and achievement. However, little attention has been given to the specific contribution a pedagogical model for outdoor adventure education (OAE) has to make to pupils learning.

Purpose: This paper is presented in two parts. Part one is an advocacy paper and draws upon the broader discourse around models-based practice to make a case for the development of a pedagogical model for OAE. Drawing upon guidelines for models-based approaches to physical education, this paper considers the theoretical foundation, rationale, review of research findings and major theme that inform the development of a model of OAE.

Conclusions: The selected review of the research suggests that the major impact of OAE is upon the affective domain, particularly in relation to pupils developing a positive self-concept. Learning is also evident in the cognitive and physical domains, but this is secondary to learning in the affective domain. Drawing upon the analysis of the research literature, the major theme for the model is identified as ‘personal growth through adventure’ and ‘OAE’ is suggested as the name of the model. Part two of this paper builds upon these foundations to outline what a pedagogical model for OAE might look like in a secondary school in the UK.     

Beyond stacking in American football towards an understanding of cultural transmission,social identity and self-categorization

Relying on cultural transmission, social identity and self-categorization theories, this study uses an innovative two-part photo-pasting and survey method to investigate quantitatively and qualitatively non-fans’, fans’ and players’ assumptions about what positions black and white players should occupy in American football. Both white and black players and fans showed evidence of being cultural transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position in American football. Overall, the respondent choices for quarterback diverged significantly from equality but not significantly from the reality of the National Football League. Players and fan and non-fan participants alike showed evidence of being cultural consumers and transmitters of racial ideologies associated with the quarterback position. Narrative reasons for player choices aligned with past literature about racial stereotypes. On most measures, the findings did not differ greatly among the institutions from which study participants were drawn, their diversity in geography, racial composition, ideology, athletic division and public–private status notwithstanding.     

加入WTO后中国农业的应对之策

面对WTO带来的机遇与与挑战，中国农业将如何发展？笔者认为，要熟和灵活应用WTO农业游戏规则，借鉴其他成员国的经验教训；调整和优化产业结构，推进农业产业化进程；调整农村就业结构，合理安排农村剩余劳动力。     

A kinematic analysis of the spine during rugby scrummaging on natural and synthetic turfs

Artificial surfaces are now an established alternative to grass (natural) surfaces in rugby union. Little is known, however, about their potential to reduce injury. This study characterises the spinal kinematics of rugby union hookers during scrummaging on third-generation synthetic (3G) and natural pitches. The spine was sectioned into five segments, with inertial sensors providing three-dimensional kinematic data sampled at 40 Hz/sensor. Twenty-two adult, male community club and university-level hookers were recruited. An equal number were analysed whilst scrummaging on natural or synthetic turf. Players scrummaging on synthetic turf demonstrated less angular velocity in the lower thoracic spine for right and left lateral bending and right rotation. The general reduction in the range of motion and velocities, extrapolated over a prolonged playing career, may mean that the synthetic turf could result in fewer degenerative injuries. It should be noted, however, that this conclusion considers only the scrummaging scenario.     

新疆农村贫困地区民族初中汉语教师现状分析——国家贫困地区义务教育工程师资培训班个案调研

通过对国家贫困地区义务教育工程汉语师资培训班学员的调查,了解到新疆农村贫困地区汉语师资现状。对存在的问题进行研究,为农村贫困地区师资队伍建设提出建议。     

现代竞技体育体能训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能的研究

脊柱功能是衡量人体健康水平的重要指标,对人体保持高质量的学习、生活和工作状态产生直接的影响。如何运用有效的训练改善和提高人体脊柱功能,应引起高度的重视。以黑龙江省30名女大学生为研究对象,制定有针对性的训练方案,进行为期3个月的运动干预实验,分5个阶段进行训练监控及训练效果评估。结果显示：全体受试对象脊柱直背趋势最为显著,脊柱姿势、柔韧性、稳定性整体较差,脊柱疾病风险较高;通过动态拉伸、颈肩及腰等功能性训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能效果显著;实施训练方案后,在第30天改善效果最为明显。     

秦巴连片特困地区县域经济发展水平差异综合评价研究

通过构建县域经济发展水平评价指标体系,采用主成分分析方法对2015年秦巴连片特困地区县域经济发展情况进行测算和综合评价,并运用ArcGIS可视化及HotSpot Analysis空间分析模块,从空间和关联性上进一步分析研究区经济发展水平差异.结果表明,秦巴连片特困地区各片区县域经济发展水平差异明显,空间分布表现为西部低、东部高,且存在较强的空间关联性.     

Elite coaching and the technocratic engineer: thanking the boys at Microsoft!

The primary purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth understanding of the manner in which surveillance technologies have become readily appropriated and utilised by elite Rugby Union coaches. It is conceded that positions adopted by populist writings commonly categorise the act of coaching as an educational activity that harnesses holistic intentions. Through reflecting upon semi-structured interviews with players located at an Aviva Premiership Rugby Union Club, we provide insight into an elite sporting institution that more accurately depicts coaching as a technocratic activity. The resultant analysis is critical in its review of surveillance mechanisms embedded in institutional practice, extending to the sports coaching setting, which explicate sinister rather than pastoral motives to enforce a disciplinary power that enhances the quantification of athletic performance. The article concludes by emphasising the impact of such practices upon establishing a sense of trust and the construction of self autonomous to the sporting domain. We argue that the emerging and steadfast acceptance of technology in the elite coaching environment is threatening to circumvent the learning potential of players by merely viewing them as functionaries. In adopting this position, we tentatively suggest that future research seeking to inform the practice of coaching and coach education should continue to pursue this critical dialogue to question whether, and to what extent, an overreliance on technology is becoming perceived as the ‘gold standard’ of professional practice amongst the coaching fraternity.