Electromyographic analysis of bow string release in highly skilled archers

A predominant archery coaching tenet holds that the most effective means of releasing the bow string is by relaxation of the finger flexor muscles without activation of finger extensors. To evaluate the validity of this view, EMG patterns of the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum muscles of the draw arm were examined using surface EMG electrodes in 15 highly skilled archers as each performed six shots. Each archer displayed consistent EMG patterns from shot-to-shot and two distinct flexor-extensor patterns were exhibited by the sample. The first, characterized by eight of the archers, supported the relaxation principle. For these archers, both flexor and extensor digitorum activity decreased markedly immediately prior to or at arrow release. The second pattern, characteristic of the remaining seven archers, contradicted the coaching tenet. While the flexor digitorum pattern was essentially the same as that described for the first pattern, the extensor digitorum displayed a marked increase in activity just prior to release, indicating that string release was facilitated by an active extension of the fingers. It was concluded that highly skilled archers do not predominantly reflect a release consistent with the coaching canon and that factors other than the string release mechanism discriminate the performances of skilled archers.     

女大学新生课余体育锻炼状况及其影响因素的分析研究

本文主要通过问巷调查法以及因子分析法，对女性大学新生参加课外体育锻炼的状况进行了解，找出影响女大学生新生参加课余体育锻炼的7大因子，分别是体育知识因子、个体客观条件因子、个体意愿因子、心理因子、体育锻炼习惯与技能因子、外部因子．设施因子，并且提出要充分重视可以控制与改善的因素，引导其发挥积极影响；注重对体育知识尤其是运动保健知识的传授，大力宣扬“健康第一”观念，营造良好的体育锻炼气氛。