Schema theory (1975): retrospectives and prospectives

A brief commentary is provided on the theoretical assumptions, scholarly impact and continuing influence of the schema theory of motor learning (Schmidt, 1975). The traditional contrasts of schema theory to the coordinative structure or dynamical systems framework are reemphasized, and limitations of the variability of practice experiments noted. A central problem for theories of motor learning is change over time, the basis on which learning is typically defined. Most theories including schema have, however, undervalued the importance of the time-dependent nature of change in deference to the almost exclusive study of the amount of some averaged change in behavioral outcome. The persistent and transitory change(s) in movement and outcome that are observed in action are reflections of multiple time scales of change in a dynamical system.     

The effectiveness of university knowledge spillovers: Performance differences between university spinoffs and corporate spinoffs

While much prior research has focused upon how the Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and other contextual characteristics shape the level of university spinoffs (USO), there is little research on entrepreneurial potential among individual academics, and to the best of our knowledge, no comparative studies with other types of spinoffs exist to date. In this paper we focus on an important but neglected aspect of knowledge transfer from academic research involving the indirect flow to entrepreneurship by individuals with a university education background who become involved in new venture creation by means of corporate spinoffs (CSO) after gaining industrial experience, rather than leaving university employment to found a new venture as an academic spinoff. We argue that the commercial knowledge gained by industry experience is potentially more valuable for entrepreneurial performance compared to the academic knowledge gained by additional research experience at a university. This leads us to posit that the average performance of CSOs will be higher than comparable USOs, but the gains from founder‘s prior experiences will be relatively higher among USOs whose founders lack the corporate context. We investigate these propositions in a comparative study tracking the complete population of USOs and CSOs among the Swedish knowledge-intensive sectors between 1994 and 2002.     

Effiziente Informationssuche im Internet mit Hilfe mobiler Programme

Zusammenfassung.   Die Bereitstellung eines pr?zisen, effizienten und m?glichst vollst?ndigen Zugriffs auf aktuelle Informationen im Internet ist eine grundlegende Voraussetzung für die Weiterentwicklung des elektronischen Handels. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie themenspezifische Suchwerkzeuge mit Hilfe mobiler Programme eine solche Bereitstellung leisten k?nnen. Der vorgestellte Ansatz wird durch messdaten-basierte Simulationen sowie anhand einer Fallstudie evaluiert. Eingegangen am 15. Dezember 1999 / Angenommen am 10. April 2000