高校普通体育课生理负荷强度和强度分布的研究

对北京、四川、广州20所不同类别的重点和非重点高校一年级80%教师的259次普通体育课生理负荷进行连续测试.从生理学角度结合教学指标对体育课生理负荷强度和强度分布进行分析.结果表明:体育课生理负荷强度是不理想且偏低的;生理负荷强度对心肌泵血机能的锻炼有积极作用;对心泵血功能的锻炼还不充分.67,57%生理负荷强度分布类型符合人体机能能力活动变化规律.     

力量训练科学化控制的理论探讨

力量训练科学化控制,是从定性和定量两方面去完成的;定性控制着力量训练总体的方向,使力量训练绝对保证和专项对力量要求的高度一致性;而定量控制则主要是从负荷上去完成对力量训练的具体过程的控制,负荷结构的动态变化服从于专项的特点与定性和定量两大要素,以及由它们各自所属的子要素,共同构成力量训练的科学控制系统.     

社会信息化测度体系中信息资源指标集的构建与分析

从国内外信息化测度方法和模型以及近年来我国学者进行的众多信息化测度实例出发,抽取信息资源因素进行归纳和 总结.借鉴前人的研究成果,并依托一定的理论依据和现实依据构建信息资源指标集,该指标集囊括传统文献信息资源(图书,报纸、期刊)和电子信息资源(广播、电视、网络),与现有的测度体系相比,具有更强的可靠性和较高的准确性,同时保持较好的可操作性,因而是科学合理的.     

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic superlattices

Mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials (2D FMs) possess long-range ferromagnetic order and topologically nontrivial skyrmions in few layers. However, because of the dimensionality effect, such few-layer systems usually exhibit much lower Curie temperature (T_C) compared to their bulk counterparts. It is therefore of great interest to explore effective approaches to enhance their T_C, particularly in wafer-scale for practical applications. Here, we report an interfacial proximity-induced high-T_C 2D FM Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT) via A-type antiferromagnetic material CrSb (CS) which strongly couples to FGT. A superlattice structure of (FGT/CS)_n, where n stands for the period of FGT/CS heterostructure, has been successfully produced with sharp interfaces by molecular-beam epitaxy on 2-inch wafers. By performing elemental specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, we have unequivocally discovered that T_C of 4-layer Fe₃GeTe₂ can be significantly enhanced from 140 K to 230 K because of the interfacial ferromagnetic coupling. Meanwhile, an inverse proximity effect occurs in the FGT/CS interface, driving the interfacial antiferromagnetic CrSb into a ferrimagnetic state as evidenced by double-switching behavior in hysteresis loops and the XMCD spectra. Density functional theory calculations show that the Fe-Te/Cr-Sb interface is strongly FM coupled and doping of the spin-polarized electrons by the interfacial Cr layer gives rise to the T_C enhancement of the Fe₃GeTe₂ films, in accordance with our XMCD measurements. Strikingly, by introducing rich Fe in a 4-layer FGT/CS superlattice, T_C can be further enhanced to near room temperature. Our results provide a feasible approach for enhancing the magnetic order of few-layer 2D FMs in wafer-scale and render opportunities for realizing realistic ultra-thin spintronic devices.     

Agency problem, institutions, and technology policy: Explaining Taiwan's semiconductor industry development

Taiwan has made significant progress in the semiconductor industry with government agencies and bureaucrats as the driving forces over the past 30 years. Taiwan's impressive achievement in the semiconductor industry clearly indicates that the government failures and agency problem usually associated with deep government involvement did not occur in Taiwan. Why is that the case? This paper proposes a principal-agent framework for technology policy and applies the framework to discuss the institutional arrangements through which bureaucrats were controlled effectively in executing the semiconductor industry policies in Taiwan. By analyzing the institutional and organizational arrangements Taiwanese leaders made to mitigate the agency problem, this paper brings bureaucrats into the popular developmental state theory and emphasizes that the success of state intervention should not be taken for granted, and it also brings politics into technology policy analysis and stresses the importance and complexity of agency problem in technology policy.     

Developing creativity and promoting social harmony: the relationship between government,school and parents' perceptions of children's creativity in Macao‐SAR in China

The promotion of creativity in young children has been included in the agenda of the educational authorities in mainland China since 2001. Since then, attempts to implement this policy have appeared in different forms. The educational bureaux take measures by publishing documents and guidelines on the subject. While some kindergartens endeavour to restructure their programmes in order to accommodate the development of creativity, most practitioners are not yet ready to embrace this idea. Based on an ethnographic study, this article argues that there are gaps amongst the government's, practitioners' and parents' views of creativity and means to foster such ability in young children. It also highlights the fact that the observed phenomenon might be explained in terms of the social hierarchy that has been thriving in Chinese culture for centuries. Finally, it suggests that a reciprocal relationship amongst the three parties is yet to be built in order to form a strong support for the development of children's creativity in this southern Chinese city.