Right or Wrong? Toward a Theory of IRBs’ (Dis)Approval of Research

No one would disagree that scientific research has been unethical—even criminal—at times. Institutional review boards (IRBs) play a fundamental role in protecting people from unethical criminological research. At the same time, IRBs, as social entities, are subject to a wide range of influences that may affect their decisions regarding the ethicality of research. This research note draws on the paradigm of pure sociology and the logic underpinning Black’s theory of law to propose a preliminary theory of IRBs’ (dis)approval of research. Specifically, it suggests that IRBs apply less social control to criminological research involving higher status researchers and lower status research participants and, therefore, those persons are more often involved in research. The paper concludes with theoretically situated, practical advice for how (1) IRBs can reduce their discrimination, and (2) criminological researchers can reduce IRBs’ disapproval of their projects and thereby increase their research output.     

Lombroso's Legacy: The Miseducation of Criminologists

This study examines the extent to which criminal justice and criminology Ph.D. students are exposed to contemporary biological and genetic findings associated with aggression and violence. Drawing on multiple sources of information, we find little evidence showing that Ph.D. students are exposed to any biological research on crime and offending. We examine the consequences for this “trained incompetence” and offer suggestions for remedying this deficiency.

If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind. (John Stuart Mill)     

Teaching Biosocial Criminology I: Understanding Endophenotypes Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s Self‐Control Construct

Criminology is experiencing a paradigm shift in theory and research that articulates a more interdisciplinary, biosocial mode of inquiry. Unfortunately, however, graduate‐level criminal justice education rarely encompasses biosocial training. The current review is the first in a series of works that seeks to fill this biosocial training void by providing instruction on concepts in the biological sciences and neurosciences that have direct relevance to criminal justice education and criminology. Here we introduce endophenotypes and demonstrate their relevance to the study of crime using the self‐control construct from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory. Because biosocial criminology is in its nascent stage, it is critical that biosocial criminologists provide service and instruction to their social science‐trained colleagues.     

自闭症谱系障碍者自传体记忆研究述评

本文介绍了国外有关自闭症谱系障碍者(ASD)自传体记忆的实验研究,研究表明自闭症成人和自闭症儿童的个人情景记忆均存在广泛损伤,而仅自闭症成人的个人语义记忆相对完好.本文还试图归纳与分析影响自闭症个体自传体记忆的心理机制,包括:自我概念、自知意识、信息加工、心理理论、执行功能.最后,文章总结了目前国外的研究现状,分析其存在的不足及未来的研究方向,希望为国内相关研究及实践提供启示.     

民俗学重出立证法的启示与重构

重出立证法由日本学者柳田国男提出并使其发展成为日本民俗学的基本研究方法,后经过千叶德尔等学者在长期民俗调查实践中的批判和修正,最终使重出立证法的研究方法不断完善,丰富了日本民俗学的研究内容和学科体系。重出立证法应用到中国民俗学学科体系建设中富有借鉴价值,将为中国民俗学研究提供新的思维视域和发展空间。     

广东省养老服务需求分析与对策

完整意义上的养老一般包括三个层面：经济供养层、生活照料层和精神安慰层。本文运用抽样调查方法,分析广东省老人在这三个层面的养老状况,揭示：老人经济来源多数依靠子女,老人生活照料服务需求市场巨大,精神安慰需求突出,机构养老服务供求严重失衡。要满足养老服务需求,必须完善社会保险制度、发展社区养老服务体系、促进家庭养老以及扶持民办养老机构发展。     

图书馆书目数据库合并工作浅析

以柳州职业技术学院图书馆多馆合并为实例,分析书目数据库合并工作中出现的问题,并针对实际情况,提出数据分析、清理、归并整合的解决方法。     

房价上涨中的地方政府有限理性行为

近些年,国内房地产业持续高烧,热度惊人,虽经中央的种种良方而未见好转。究其病因,乃是地方政府做出的种种有限理性行为,导致了房地产"非常热"之现状。鉴于此,如何有效治理地方政府的有限理性行为是为房地产业"退烧"的关键。