Concept learning by pigeons: Matching-to-sample with trial-unique video picture stimuli

Pigeons were trained to match-to-sample with several new methodologies: a large number of stimuli, computer-drawn color picture stimuli, responses monitored by a computer touch screen, stimuli presented horizontally from the floor, and grain reinforcement delivered onto the picture stimuli. Following acquisition, matching-to-sample concept learning was assessed by transfer to novel stimuli on the first exposure to pairs of novel stimuli. One group (trial-unique), trained with 152 different pictures presented once daily, showed excellent transfer (80% correct). Transfer and baseline performances were equivalent, indicating that the matching-to-sample concept had been learned. A second group (2-stimulus), trained with only two different pictures, showed no evidence of transfer. These results are discussed in terms of the effect of numbers of exemplars on previous failures to find concept learning in pigeons, and the implications of the positive finding from this experiment on abstract concept learning and evolutionary cognitive development.     

穴位埋线治疗对冠心病稳定型心绞痛的疗效观察

目的 :观察穴位埋线对冠心病稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法 :按随机对照方法 ,分为治疗组 32例 ,对照组 (长效硝苯地平 ) 31例。治疗 8周 ,观察心肌缺血发作次数、持续时间及缺血总负荷等指标。结果 :两组治疗前后各观察指标有显著差异 ,P <0 .0 1。两组之间比较无明显差异 ,P >0 .0 5。结论 :穴位埋线法能显著改善心肌缺血。     

新农村建设中历史文化资源的保护与开发

历史文化资源,特别是物质文化资源是不可再生的资源,一旦破坏就无法挽回。在新农村建设的进程中如何采取切实有效的措施,对遗留的历史文化资源进行全面、系统地保护,使宝贵的历史文化资源不仅在新农村建设中免遭破坏,而且能够发挥独特的价值和作用并为新农村建设服务,是摆在新农村规划者和建设者面前的一个现实而又紧迫的问题,必须谨慎地面对,认真探索解决的对策。     

Comprehension evaluation and regulation in learning from science texts

Metacognitive variables influence students' learning from science texts. This article deals with the comprehension monitoring abilities of secondary school science students, one of the areas of metacognition which has drawn considerable attention from researchers. The aims of the study are, in particular: (a) to know the extent to which comprehension is monitored by secondary science students as revealed by inconsistency detection in manipulated science texts, and (b) to identify the strategies used to regulate comprehension by the students who detect the inconsistencies. The results indicate that knowing that one understands or fails to understand science texts could be as important a problem as understanding proper. Besides, some incorrect regulatory strategies used by students who notice the inconsistencies in the texts are identified. These could also have an annoying influence in the regulatory behavior of students when studying regular science texts.     

提高人的素质是促进两个文明建设的根本：－对外来人口教育与培训的思考

改革开放引发了全国人口大流动，大批农村富余劳动力涌入城市，为城市经济的建设和发展主入了生机和活力。但由于来外人口大多来自偏远落后地区，精神、化素质较差，因而也给城市经济的发展和社会的稳定带来了负面影响，因此，在对其加强管理的同时，也应从培训、教育的角度促使其自身素质的提高。高等学校做为育人阵地，应该充分发挥自己的办学优势，协同有关部门共同做好外来人口培训工作，为促进两个明建设做出自己的贡献。     

科举制度的社会流动视角

社会流动是个人或群体在社会分层中地位的升迁或降落。本文从社会流动的视角来考察科举制度,分析科举制与社会流动的历史渊源以及科举制度对我国古代社会阶层流动的贡献,并探寻科举制促进社会流动的深层原因。     

成长的失落--关注大学新生入学心理适应

大学新生入学后，生活环境、生活条件、人际关系、学习方式与方法都不同了，这一系列的变化，逐渐使他们原有的习惯、心理结构与心理定势被打破，这时他们在心理上还残留有依赖性、理想化、盲目自信等心理特征。如此种种心理反应，都必须有一个适应期，期间他们感觉很突出的是成长过程的失落。     

海伦喷泉实验探究

建立了海伦喷泉的基本物理模型,并推导了水柱最大喷射高度和液面差、出水口直径以及液体密度的关系。实验方面表明,在不考虑温度对实验的影响下,利用控制变量法推导出出水口直径大小、液面差、两侧液体密度对水柱最大高度的影响,结果与理论吻合得很好。     

英特尔(R)未来教育与新疆基础教育课程改革

本文探讨英特尔R未来教育与基础教育的关系,探讨对推动我区基础教育课程改革的影响及信息技术与课程整合的途径.     

理工科院校文献检索课存在的问题及对策

章分析了目前理工科院校献检索课在教学内容、教材建设、师资、教学方法和教学手段等方面存在的问题，提出了改进献检索课的具体措施。