Skating mechanics of change-of-direction manoeuvres in ice hockey players

Ice hockey requires rapid transitions between skating trajectories to effectively navigate about the ice surface. Player performance relates in large part to effective change-of-direction manoeuvres, but little is known about how those skills are performed mechanically and the effect of equipment design on them. The purpose of this study was to observe the kinetics involved in those manoeuvres as well as to compare whether kinetic differences may result between two skate models of varying ankle mobility. Eight subjects with competitive ice hockey playing experience performed rapid lateral (90°) left and right change-of-direction manoeuvres. Kinetic data were collected using force strain gauge transducers on the blade holders of the skates. Significantly greater forces were applied by the outside skate (50–70% body weight, %BW) in comparison to the inside skate (12–24%BW, p < 0.05). Skate model and turn direction had no main effect, though significant mixed interactions between leg side (inside/outside) with skate model or turn direction (p < 0.05) were observed, with a trend for left-turn dominance. This study demonstrates the asymmetric dynamic behaviour inherent in skating change-of-direction tasks.     

‘Tracksuit Traitors’: Eastern German Top Athletes on the Run

In the time between its founding and the fall of the wall in November 1989, more than three million people left the German Democratic Republic, many of them illegally and under dangerous circumstances. The party leadership perceived this mass exodus of its citizens as one of the major threats for the real socialist regime.1^?1. Bispinck Bispinck, Henrick. “Republikflucht. Flucht und Ausreise als Problem der DDR-Führung.” Vor dem Mauerbau. Politik und Gesellschaft der DDR in den Fünfziger Jahren, edited by MichaelSchwartz and Hermann Wentker, 285–309. München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2003. [Google Scholar], “Republikflucht.”‘Republikflucht’, as this move from East to West was called by the party leadership, was the reason for the two most important hiatuses in Eastern German history: the first result was that the SED leadership built the wall in August 1961. Many years later, in the fall of 1989, the situation culminated, when a flood of desperate refugees tried to escape to the Federal Republic of Germany via Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia, thus effectively hurrying along the regime's demise. The world of sports, too, was considerably affected by this phenomenon. The following essay shall offer a short historical summary of the different reasons and routes Eastern German top athletes chose for their escape. Examples from various decades show that in spite of individual circumstances certain similarities in pattern can be made out, especially in respect to the way the government dealt with these cases of ‘treason’.     

论数学中创造思维的培养

数学是自然科学中的基础学科,在数学教学中培养学生的创造性思维,创新学习方法是非常必要的。     

大同市地裂缝分布及防灾对策

地裂缝是地下断裂构造在地表土层形成的痕迹,地裂缝灾害造成严重经济损失和社会影响。本文对大同市地裂缝的现状、危害情况、基本特征及成因进行了分析,并提出防灾对策。     

散打发展融合论——武术散打流变历程考略

武术散打是新中国成立后,在积极吸收西方体育思想的基础上中外融合的产物。它包括竞技武术散打和商业武术散打两种样式。纵观武术散打的发展历程,我们可以将它分为四个发展阶段、三次加速、两个徘徊期。武术散打的四个发展阶段又可视做两次融合:第一次是自身的积淀、融合;第二次是中外(主要是中西)的融合,迄今为止,这种中外融合共发生了三次。三次中外融合依次递进,武术散打可以说是中外体育思想融合的高级阶段,并将预示着进一步发展的方向。     

试析现代奥运会的商业化问题

现代奥林匹克运动会的商业化是当代国际体育的一个重要的社会现象,本文从当代世界经济的背景、大众传播媒介特别是电视网络迅速发展、跨国公司的崛起,以及70年代中期西方世界严重的经济危机等几个方面分析了导致奥运会商业化的主要原因。商业化既给奥运会提供了坚实的经济基础,促进了它的发展,又干扰了奥林匹克竞技运动的正常状态,与奥林匹克理想发展有正反两方面的作用。     

试论信息时代的美育

美育作为人类“按照美的规律”进行自我完善的方式同时也是一个发展的概念。传统美育作为道德培养的载体而存在，工业文明时期美育抽象起解决资本主义文明造成的人格分裂的问题的重任，现代信息社会中，美育则集中体现为现代人对自身的生存方式和生存状况的全面关照，力求达到人与自然、与社会、与人类自我的和谐关系。     

Neuroimaging Studies of Reading Development and Reading Disability

Converging evidence from a number of neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that fluent word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two left hemisphere posterior systems: a temporo-parietal system and a ventral occipito-temporal system. These posterior systems are functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Reading disabled, relative to nonimpaired, readers demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and right hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers the temporo-parietal system predominates at first, and is associated with aspects of processing critical in learning to integrate orthography with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The occipito-temporal system, by contrast, constitutes a fast, late-developing, word-identification system that underlies fluent word recognition in skilled readers.     

中小学过度教育产生的成因分析及措施

目前,我国中小学存在着一定的过度教育现象,该现象的产生与高等教育的牵动、就业期望、中小学教育内部矛盾及社会心理等因素有关,我们必须要采取相应的措施以消除中小学过度教育的现象。