Participant perceptions of exercise programs for overweight women

Eighteen women participated in a research project involving two phases: (a) an interview regarding weight history and exercise patterns, and (b) a series of exercise sessions followed by discussions of participants' reactions to them. The data were analyzed using inductive analysis techniques, and results of the analysis were discussed with participants for collaborative validation of the interpretation. Profiles of selected participants and themes that emerged are described. The participants varied in age and body size and had diverse backgrounds, interests, and abilities, but their shared experience of social disapproval based on body size was shown to affect their perceptions of exercise programs and their decisions about participation.     

建立网络社会体育指导员系统的设想

目前我国社会体育指导员从数量到质量及等级结构与我国社会需求有差距,影响到我国全民健身的开展.通过论述建立网络社会体育指导员系统的设想,从几个方面探讨了建立网络社会体育指导系统的可行性,并进一步认为网络社会体育指导员系统有着不可比拟的优越性和广阔的发展前景.     

Medical student, resident, and faculty use of a computerized literature searching system

The experiences of medical students, residents, and faculty with a computerized literature searching system were evaluated. Third-year medical students, internal medicine and family practice residents, and full-time and voluntary faculty at one medical school had the opportunity to use a full-text and bibliographic medical literature retrieval system free of charge for an eleven-month period. Subjects conducted nearly nine thousand literature searches over a period of 942 system hours. Questionnaire data showed that participants could learn to use and would use an electronic information system, felt capable of using the system, utilized the system for a variety of purposes and in a number of different ways, and viewed the system as a valuable tool in searching the medical literature. The results are discussed in the context of the educational needs of the four user-groups and medical education planning by institutions.     

Path analysis: A model for the development of scientific reasoning abilities in adolescents

A model was formulated and tested for the development of scientific reasoning abilities in adolescents. Piagetian theory provided the framework for choosing potential determinants of the dependent variable, scientific reasoning abilities. A model reflecting hypothesized causal relationships among determinants and with the dependent variable was developed a priori on the basis of theoretical and substantive reasoning. The hypothesized model was tested and revised using path analysis. Data from intact classes of middle-school (n = 101) and high-school (n = 89) students from an upper-middle-class suburb of a midwestern city revealed significant (p < 0.05) path coefficients for these variables and scientific reasoning abilities: age, I.Q., field dependence–independence, and experience. A path from locus of control to scientific reasoning abilities through field dependence-independence was also statistically significant. The revised model explained 61 percent of the variance in scientific reasoning abilities.     

Feedback complexity and corrective efficiency

College undergraduates read a 2400-word passage, responded to 16 multiple-choice questions, and received one of four types of feedback following their responses. Complexity of feedback was inversely related to both error correctability and criterion efficiency taken as a ratio of feedback study time to post-test corrects. The results were discussed in terms of depth of processing and instructional comprehension.     

对中国男篮参加第12届世锦赛进攻速度、成功率的研究

篮球比赛进攻速度是进攻过程进行的快慢。获球方式是影响进攻的条件;技、战术水平是影响进攻的主要原因;进攻的结束方式对进攻速度没有影响。进攻的失误、违例、犯规使进攻成功率下降;造成对方防守犯规、投篮命中使进攻成功率上升。中国队进攻成功率低的主要原因是投篮命中率低和前场的失误、违例、犯规多造成的,而投篮命中率低则是因近投命中率低。随着进攻速度的由快到慢,进攻成功率呈逐渐下降的趋势,但在进攻成功率下降过程中,处在阵地进攻的范围,成功率有2次回升。     

Contextualizing the Interpretation of Reliability Data

What is the relationship between the context and substantive meaning of a measure and the assessment of the reliability of the measure? Does the interpretation of a reliability coefficient depend on the nature of the measure? How does this approach to reliability relate to alternative assessments?     

转制科研院所倡导个人创新作为的思考与实践

通过对企业定义的深层次理解、体验，对转制科研院所人力资本进行科学分析和定位，提出尊重、善待人力资本并创新相关工作机制，倡导个人创新作为，授权于人，释放潜在能量，使创新成为技术人员的工作本能，在重型院（西重所）得到验证。