Development of a large-scale isolation chamber system for the safe and humane care of medium-sized laboratory animals harboring infectious diseases

The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and non-human primates makes non-human primates an irreplaceable model for the study of human infectious diseases. In this study, we describe the development of a large-scale automatic multi-functional isolation chamber for use with medium-sized laboratory animals carrying infectious diseases. The isolation chamber, including the transfer chain, disinfection chain, negative air pressure isolation system, animal welfare system, and the automated system, is designed to meet all biological safety standards. To create an internal chamber environment that is completely isolated from the exterior, variable frequency drive blowers are used in the air-intake and air-exhaust system, precisely controlling the filtered air flow and providing an air-barrier protection. A double door transfer port is used to transfer material between the interior of the isolation chamber and the outside. A peracetic acid sterilizer and its associated pipeline allow for complete disinfection of the isolation chamber. All of the isolation chamber parameters can be automatically controlled by a programmable computerized menu, allowing for work with different animals in different-sized cages depending on the research project. The large-scale multi-functional isolation chamber provides a useful and safe system for working with infectious medium-sized laboratory animals in high-level bio-safety laboratories.     

Arachnoid cell involvement in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective: To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Arachnoid cells were cultured, characterized, and examined by immunofluorescence for the basal expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR). Expression of HLA-DR, after co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, was investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (FCM). The variation of arachnoid cells' ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Arachnoid cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The content of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) in culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: (1) Arachnoid cells were successfully cultured for many passages. The immunofluorescent staining was positive for HLA-DR in over 95% of the human arachnoid cells. The punctate HLA-DR was distributed in cytoplasm and not in the karyon. (2) After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, numerous particles with strong fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm on Day 6. On Day 8, the quantity of particles and fluorescent intensity were maximal. FCM showed that the percentage of HLA-DR expressing cells was (2.5±0.4)% at the first 5 d, increasing to (60.8±3.6)% on Day 7. (3) After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, many lysosome and secondary lysosome particles were present in the cytoplasm. Hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged cysts were observed, with numerous phagocytizing vesicles also observed at the edge of the arachnoid cells. (4) Arachnoid cells stimulated by bloody CSF were co-cultured in vitro with PBMCs. The content of sIL-2r in the culture medium, having been maintained at around 1.30 ng/ml during the first 3 d, had increased by Day 4. The content of sIL-2r peaked 7.53 ng/ml on Day 7 and then reduced gradually. Conclusions: (1) Basic HLA-DR expression is present in arachnoid cells. (2) After stimulation by bloody CSF, arachnoid cells have the potential to serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the ability to activate T-lymphocytes, indicating that arachnoid cells are involved in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after SAH.     

违约责任中精神损害赔偿存在的合理性探讨

当事人在违约之诉中提起精神损害赔偿是否应得到支持,一直是一个较具争议的问题。实际上,只要在客观上存在法律认可的精神痛苦或精神利益减损,即应认为有精神损害,而无论该精神利益的丧失是基于侵权还是违约。现在随着违约行为导致精神损害的纠纷日益增多,司法实践已经向人们提出了违约之诉中给予精神损害赔偿的要求,现行法中违约和侵权责任的竞合也非解决之道。我国存在对违约导致的精神损害给予赔偿的生存土壤,通过对现行民法通则和合同法目的性扩张解释的途径就可以解决问题。     

生命复归的自我镜像——论《狂人日记》的灵魂自叙模式

《狂人日记》是鲁迅自我灵魂的投射,是他三十多年来的生命的总结和新生,是他寻找生命本真的绝地探索。从＂俟堂＂到疯狂,从狂言到象征,从疯癫到病愈,鲁迅借狂人的书写探寻着生命深处的真＂无＂与虚＂有＂,以象征的形式开启了离去归来的灵魂自叙模式。     

摭谈语文主体性学习与受动性学习的辨证统一

反思课程改革以来倡导践行主体性学习方式中存在的偏颇,最为显著的是对“受动性学习”的误解与绝对排斥。“受动性学习”并非“被动性学习”。我们需要的是有意义的发现式学习和有意义的接受式学习。只要是满足儿童学习需要,能成为儿童愉悦的精神之旅的课堂学习方式就是主体性学习。     

团体心理辅导对大学生人际信任水平的影响

目的:考察团体心理辅导对大学生人际信任水平的影响.方法:设置实验组与控制组,进行6周的"心理素质养成与训练"团体心理辅导.采用ITS人际信任量表在实验前、实验后与实验后三个月对被试的人际信任水平进行测量.结果:宁夏大学生的人际信任得分较高;宁夏大学生的人际信任在总分及各分因子上都不存在性别差异;宁夏大学生人际信任水平不存在年级差异;团体心理辅导对大学生人际信任水平具有较好的促进作用;团体心理辅导对改善大学生人际信任水平具有长期效果.     

提高统计学教学效果的思考

在开设统计学课程时,应把重点放在学生实践能力的培养和提高上,使学生具备利用统计工具获取信息、处理信息、分析信息、利用信息的能力.要通过教学理念的更新、教学方法的多样、考试考核的灵活运用,取得更好的教学效果.     

机械制图与计算机绘图课程教学改革的探讨

根据机械制图与CAD两门课程的教学特点,提出整合教学内容,改革教学方法、教学手段及考核方式,以利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高其学习效率,进而提高教师的教学效果。     

高职“计算机应用基础”项目化改造与实践

文章在分析现行“计算机应用基础”课程教学存在问题的基础上,用现代高职教育理念对课程进行改造,提出项目化改造方案,并对教学的实施和效果进行评价。     

周记,沟通师生心灵的桥梁与纽带

周记,是沟通中学语文教师和学生心灵的桥梁。通过周记,学生可以自然而然地表达自己的喜怒哀乐等情感,提出生活与学习过程中遇到的种种疑问与困惑;与此同时,教师通过批语、回复提问等方式,解答学生提出的各种疑问和帮助学生处理遇到的人生困惑。