Distributed Cognition as a Lens to Understand the Effects of Scaffolds: The Role of Transfer of Responsibility

Problem solving is an important skill in the knowledge economy. Research indicates that the development of problem solving skills works better in the context of instructional approaches centered on real-world problems. But students need scaffolding to be successful in such instruction. In this paper I present a conceptual framework for understanding the effects of scaffolding. First, I discuss the ultimate goal of scaffolding—the transfer of responsibility—and one way that scholars have conceptualized promoting this outcome (fading). Next, I describe an alternative way to conceptualize transfer of responsibility through the lens of distributed cognition and discuss how this lens informs how to promote transfer of responsibility. Then I propose guidelines for the creation of problem solving scaffolds to support transfer of responsibility and discuss them in light of the literature.     

Exercise is medicine for type 2 diabetes: An interview with Dr. Sheri R. Colberg

Diabetes,mainly type 2 diabetes(T2D),is a major cause of blindness,kidney failure,heart attack,stroke,and lower limb amputation.Worldwide,the number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 and further to 537 million in 2021,and the prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low-and middle-income countries according to a report by the World Health Organization1 and the latest data from the International Diabetes Federation.2 The positive role of physical activity(PA)and exercise as a prevention and treatment medicine for T2D has been well documented,and both the American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)and the American Diabetes Association(ADA)have issued position statements on the effects of PA and exercise on diabetes.     

探讨休闲体育在高校体育发展中的作用

休闲体育作为“人类着力建造的美丽的精神家园”,是一种积极、健康、明、高尚、科学的生活方式,是人们从事体育活动指向的主要类型之一。我们认为休闲体育的内容丰富、娱乐性好、趣味性高、自主性强、参与面广,既满足当代大学生的需要,也是时代进步的产物。休闲体育是大学生实现身心健康、人格完善、追求人生命意义的需求中一条有效、健康、科学的路径。     

娱教技术人才培养框架

娱教技术的提出为解决当前某些教育乃至社会问题提供了一种全新的视野,作为一个新兴的领域,其研究和应用的开展无疑需要大量的专业人才。本文从较为宏观的角度对娱教技术的学科特性和属性、人才及能力结构、培养模式与课程框架等方面进行了初步探讨,并期望引起更多专家学者的研究,最终为娱教技术人才的培养找到切实可行的道路。     

幼儿教师开展早期阅读活动前的准备

为保证早期阅读教育教学活动的效果与质量,教师应在活动开展前抓住三个重要环节:选择或改编适合幼儿阅读与欣赏的读本;认真准确深入地解读绘本;做好幼儿阅读活动前的经验准备。为此,教师必须认真考虑幼儿的年龄特征与审美需要,必须准确把握图画书的形式与内容要素,必须善于铺垫和引导幼儿想像,促进幼儿在早期阅读教育中的全面健康和谐发展。     

试析高抛器械特性

高抛器械是艺术体操所特有的技术动作。为了了解不同器械的空中运动特性、活动规律以及高抛的器械与地面运动的人的关系，特对其进行探讨。结论为：棒不规则的结构导致器械空中翻转性强，接握难于控制；圈的多轴向性致使其空中有较多的变化；球结构规则自转性较强；绳的运动可介于“软”“硬”器械之间，可塑性大；带轻柔，空中运动稳定，易掌握接握。     

基于粗糙集的高校教师绩效考评的规则挖掘

对粗糙集处理的基本步骤及算法进行详细的描述,应用粗糙集理论和区分矩阵来挖掘各因素规则的方法对一个高校教师绩效考评的例子进行分析和处理,挖掘出评价规则,得出了各主要考评因素的客观权重。     

谈现代高校图书馆员的素质与服务质量

高校图书馆的发展取决于馆员队伍的素质提高,提高服务质量是提升馆员素质的必由之路。本文论述了提高服务质量,高校图书馆员应更新思想与观念,树立良好的职业形象,加强综合业务技能素质训练,练就良好的心理素质与建设团结友爱、互助合作的队伍。     

Intent-based diversification of web search results: metrics and algorithms

We study the problem of web search result diversification in the case where intent based relevance scores are available. A diversified search result will hopefully satisfy the information need of user-L.s who may have different intents. In this context, we first analyze the properties of an intent-based metric, ERR-IA, to measure relevance and diversity altogether. We argue that this is a better metric than some previously proposed intent aware metrics and show that it has a better correlation with abandonment rate. We then propose an algorithm to rerank web search results based on optimizing an objective function corresponding to this metric and evaluate it on shopping related queries.     

植物生长调节剂对拟南芥菜生长发育的影响

植物生长调节剂对植物的生长发育有重要影响。本实验以模式植物拟南芥菜为材料,调查了外加生长素类和细胞分裂素类生长调节剂对拟南芥菜子叶、下胚轴和根生长的影响,使人们对植物生长调节剂在植物发育调控中的作用,以及在器官发育中的功能和作用的分子机理有更进一步的认识。