学术期刊评价中不同指标之间互补研究

[目的/意义]讨论科技评价中隐含的指标之间的互补问题,即一个指标不增加或增加很少,通过其他指标增加较多来进行弥补问题,并将互补分为等额互补、超额互补、欠额互补三类,进而分析指标之间互补对不同评价方法的影响。[方法/过程]设计一种检验和判定方法,针对某种非线性评价方法,维持一个指标不变,计算增加其他不同属性指标均值带来评价值的变化大小,并与线性加权法评价值变化大小进行比较。[结果/结论]研究发现,多属性评价方法指标之间的互补是个复杂问题,受评价方法、指标数据、权重设置、补偿值大小等多种因素的影响;基于比值的多属性评价方法更容易出现欠额互补;由于同类评价指标之间的相关性,讨论指标间互补应在不同属性指标间进行;指标互补问题对于多属性评价方法选取具有深远影响,本质上变相改变指标权重,可以作为评价结果检验和管理控制的一种方法。     

Genomic diversity and post-admixture adaptation in the Uyghurs

Population admixture results in genome-wide combinations of genetic variants derived from different ancestral populations of distinct ancestry, thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in humans. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 92 individuals with high coverage (30–60×) to systematically investigate genomic diversity in the Uyghurs living in Xinjiang, China (XJU), an admixed population of both European-like and East-Asian-like ancestry. The XJU population shows greater genetic diversity, especially a higher proportion of rare variants, compared with their ancestral source populations, corresponding to greater phenotypic diversity of XJU. Admixture-induced functional variants in EDAR were associated with the diversity of facial morphology in XJU. Interestingly, the interaction of functional variants between SLC24A5 and OCA2 likely influences the diversity of skin pigmentation. Notably, selection has seemingly been relaxed or canceled in several genes with significantly biased ancestry, such as HERC2–OCA2. Moreover, signatures of post-admixture adaptation in XJU were identified, including genes related to metabolism (e.g. CYP2D6), digestion (e.g. COL11A1), olfactory perception (e.g. ANO2) and immunity (e.g. HLA). Our results demonstrated population admixture as a driving force, locally or globally, in shaping human genetic and phenotypic diversity as well as in adaptive evolution.     

近年来英国博士生教育发展的主要动向

英国的博士生教育近年来的发展特点主要表现为:在规模上,博士生培养的数量持续扩充,国际化趋势日趋明显;在院校分布上,既突出重点集中又体现广泛参与;在学科专业上,重视新兴学科和应用学科领域;在培养模式上,引入新的博士学位类型和培养方式;此外,在提高培养质量方面也采取了一些有效的措施。     

儿童早期行为习惯的培养和教育

为了促进儿童的成长，必须抓好早期教育：要有良好的学习习惯，让儿童正确地表达和控制自己的情绪，遵守规则，潜移默化培养习惯，为以后发展增加后劲。     

Access to higher education for rural-poor students in China

China is now facing significant challenges in funding its rapidly expanding higher education systems, though it has experienced enormous economic growth in recent years. Equity has become a serious concern in Chinese higher education system. This article tries to identify the causes and implications of under-representation of the rural-poor students in China’s higher educational institutions: academic and social preparedness, institutional funding arrangements, the admissions policy, and the socioeconomic background are significant factors that determine an individual’s opportunity to access to higher education. Also, a brief discussion of possible policy recommendations is presented.     

田径技术教学方法与模式的研究综述

本文通过文献分析,对过去十年我国田径技术教学研究现状与理论成果进行了分类与综述。阐明了教学方法与模式的不同定义,在进一步完善完整与分解教学模式的传统教学理论基础上,重点介绍了系统方法、程序教学模式在田径教学中的运用和取得成功经验,并指出了有待解决的问题和发展田径教学理论的基本途径。     

高校课堂教学改革:一种教师课程意识视角的思考

高校教师的课程意识是影响高校课堂教学改革的核心因素。目前高校教师课程意识不强,成为高校课堂教学改革难以落到实处的重要原因。为切实提高高校课堂教学改革实效,从教师课程意识视角而言,应着力强化教师的课程主体意识,实现课堂教学改革的主体到位;唤醒教师的课堂教学设计意识,提高教学设计水平;催发教师的生成意识,切实提高课堂教学效果;引导教师的综合评价意识,实现对课堂教学效果的科学评定。     

关于发展农村扶贫资金互助社的思考

农村扶贫资金互助社的发展存在外部融资困难、缺乏法律法规等制度安排,内部贷款需求规模小和季节性强、管理不规范、成员合作意识不足的双重压力。农村扶贫资金互助社为改善其生存环境,应拓宽融资渠道、加强民主建设、增加教育培训、督促有关部门加快建立相关法律法规。     

关于高职教育发展过程中几个问题的思考

随着我国高等职业教育的快速发展,高等职业教育取得很大成绩,同时也暴露出制约其发展的一些问题。文章主要分析了高等职业教育发展过程中出现的对高等职业教育认识的偏差,教学上重理论轻实践,双师型教师缺乏,实训设备落后,学生就业困难等一些问题。探讨了解决这些问题应提高对高职教育的认识,加强实践教学,加快师资队伍的建设,加强校企合作,培养学生的综合素质等,以促进高等职业教育更好的发展。