Adolescents’ Friendships,Academic Achievement,and Risk Behaviors: Same-Behavior and Cross-Behavior Selection and Influence Processes

This study examined to what extent adolescents’ and their friends’ risk behaviors (i.e., delinquency and alcohol use) hinder or promote their academic achievement (grade point average [GPA]), and vice versa. Longitudinal data were used (N = 1,219 seventh- to ninth-grade adolescents; M_age = 13.69). Results showed that risk behaviors negatively affected adolescents’ GPA, whereas GPA protected against engaging in risk behaviors. Moreover, adolescents tended to select friends who have similar behaviors and friends’ behaviors became more similar over time (same-behavior selection and influence). Furthermore, although same-behavior effects seemed to dominate, evidence was found for some cross-behavior selection effects and a tendency in seventh grade for cross-behavior influence effects. Concluding, it is important to investigate the interplay between different behaviors with longitudinal social network analysis.     

第16届、第17届世界杯足球决赛进球主要特征比较

通过对第 16届、第 17届世界杯足球决赛阶段各 64场比赛进球的主要特征进行比较 ,结果表明 :总进球数第 16届高于第17届 10个 ,且没有显著性差异。两届都是下半场进球数比上半场多。第 16届在第 76～ 90min时段进球数居两届各时段之首。第17届下半场各时段进球数相互接近 ,并居高不下。两届都是以中路进攻进球最多 ,前锋进球占居两届主要得分位置。两届都是以脚射进球为主 ,其中第 17届直接脚射和头顶球射进球优势显著。两届 85 1%以上进球都是在禁区内射进 ,在前场发动进攻进球率最高 ,79 0 %以上进球都是经 5次以下传球后射进。     

奥运会青年志愿者价值的深层思考

分析了青年志愿者与奥运青年志愿者的内涵,指出奥运会青年志愿者不仅为奥运会无偿地提供了充足的人力资源,降低了举办奥运会国家的成本,更为重要的是,青年志愿者还以其特有的价值促进了社会的进步与文明,我国青年应充分利用2008年北京奥运会这一难得而短暂的历史性机遇。     

Gender and age-appropriate enrolment in Uganda

Secondary school enrolment in Uganda has historically favoured males over females. Recently, however, researchers have reported that the secondary enrolment gender gap has significantly diminished, and perhaps even disappeared in Uganda. Even if gender parity is being achieved for enrolment broadly, there may be a gender gap concerning age-appropriate enrolment. This is an important next step in educational research concerning gender equity in education worldwide. There is little information about what individual, family and regional factors influence age-appropriate enrolment. Therefore, this study investigates a potential age-appropriate enrolment gender gap for secondary-aged youth, and examines the factors that influence gendered enrolment behaviours in Uganda. Implications for policy, practice, and further research are discussed.     

论网络环境中的图书馆文献资源共享

网络环境给图书馆经费的使用、资源的配置、服务工作的展开等方面带来了深刻的影响。为适应环境的变化，图书馆在资源共享中应该树立文献资源合作共享的观念，强化组织领导，成立权威的管理组织机构，全面推行标准化，建立现代多元的技术保障体系，并努力提高图书馆工作人员的素质。     

图书馆核心价值浅论

核心价值研究是图书馆服务转型过程中绕不开的热点问题。文化权利,知识自由,开放、平等、包容、隐私等主流观点更多倾向价值观念而非价值本身,难以达成行业共识。文章从价值哲学视角分析图书馆价值及其主要价值关系:馆员、读者与文献信息三者之间的推广关系与阅读关系共同构成图书馆阅读推广体系。文献信息资源、读者资源和馆员队伍共同构成图书馆核心竞争力。阅读推广从“满足阅读”到“推进阅读”、从“被动服务”到“主动服务”,发挥图书馆在全民阅读中的主体地位与引领作用,成为图书馆核心价值。     

Learning in the practicum: engaging pre-service teachers in reflective practice in the online space

It is argued that online discussion is a useful tool for creating opportunities for learning in teacher education. In a project designed to improve the practicum in rural areas, researchers placed pre-service teachers (PSTs) in two different moderated online discussion forums: an unstructured personal blog space and a structured threaded discussion forum where discussion topics guided them to reflect on their practicum experiences in relation to theoretical components of their studies. Findings indicated a marked difference in the contributions made to each form of online discussion with significantly greater participation in the unstructured blog format. Using Kreber and Cranton’s hierarchy of reflection, analyses of both forums found that PSTs rarely engaged in high-level reflection. Examination of lecturer involvement in the forums suggests that their contributions did not sufficiently encourage PSTs towards optimum critical reflection. These results leave the researchers considering ways in which the practicum experience can better promote reflective practice in this crucial, component of teacher education.