西藏蔷薇科植物的区系特点和地理分布

The Rosaceae is one of the five largest families of Xizang flora,  consisting of 30 genera with 242 species,  the total number of species is slightly less than those of Compositae,  Graminae,  Leguminosae and Ericaceae in Xizang,  amounting to 62.5% of the total number of genera and 28% of the total number of species of the rosaceous flora in China.       The four subfamilies of Rosaceae including primitive,  intermediate and advanced groups have been found in Xizang.  These groups consist of 11 types of floristic ele- ments,  i.e. 4 genera belong to cosmopolitan,  9 genera belong to North Temperate,  3,  E. Asian-N.  American,  3 Sino-Himalayan,  3 Sino-Japanesa,  2 Old World Temperate,  1 Temperate Asian,  2 Mediterranean-W. and O. Asian,  1 C. Asian,  I Tropical Asian and 1 endemic to China. It is obvious that Rosaceae in Xizang comprises holarctic,  Ancient Me- diterranean and paleotropical elements,  among which the temperate components are the most dominant.  The characteristics of the floristic composition of Rosaceae in Xizang may be summarized as follows:       (1) Xizang abounds in both genera and species of the family which are diverse in forms,  including the primitive,  intermediate and advanced groups, (2) The geographi- cal elements are rather complex,  mostly belonging to the temperate,  among which the Sino- Himalayan components and the elements endemic to China are dominant, (3) The proportion of plants endemic to China and distributed in Xizang is much higher than those endemic to Xizang itself,  but there exist newly arisen species and infraspecific forms or varieties which show that the speciation is apparently still active in Xizang. The rosaceous flora of Xizang is a combination of old and new floristic elements,  based on the old floristic components,  affected by the upheaval of the Himalayas,  the differen- tiation and speciation have been taking place in the long history.       The geographical distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang may be divided into 5 regions, i.e. the northeastern,  southeastern,  southern,  northwestern and northern.  The rosaceous plants are most abundant in the southeastern area,  next in southern area,  fewer in the northeastern and very rare in the northwestern and northern regions.  The general ten- dency of the distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang is that the number of species gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest and the habit gradually changes from trees,  shrubs and herbaceous plants in the southeast to cushion-like scrubs and dwarf perennial herbs in the northwest.  These facts clearly show that the uplift of the Hi- malayas has deeply affected the phytogeographical distribution of Xizang Rosaceae.       The rosaceous flora of Xizang has close relationships with those of the adjoring regions,  i.e. Yunnan and Sichuan.  Besides,  it is connected with floras of Nepal,  Sikkim, Bhutan nothern Buram and nothern India,  but silghtly influenced by the Ancient Medi- terranean flora.     

固载杂多酸盐催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，对以苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究，实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸异戊酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2.5％，反应时间为2.5h，上述条件下，苯甲酸异戊酯的产率可达83.3％。     

“五四”新文化运动与湖南《大公报》副刊

在我国,副刊的发生发展自始与文化运动密切相关."五四"时期,为了进行新思想、新文化的传播,导致了人们对副刊性质和作用的新的认识,从而带来了副刊的变革.从"五四"时期湖南<大公报>副刊的嬗变,我们可以了解"五四"新文化运动对它产生的巨大影响,同时也可以了解它对"五四"新思想、新文化的宣传,从一个侧面窥视"五四"新文化运动在湖南的发展状况.     

The Cart Before the Horse: The Challenge and Promise of Restorative Justice Consultation in Schools

ABSTRACT

Restorative justice (RJ) in schools is an increasingly popular approach to responding to discipline issues including bullying and aggressive behaviors. However, RJ research in schools is dramatically lagging behind its practice. Specifically, there is a large void within the school consultation literature that examines the use of RJ and the role of the consulting school psychologist. To help address this gap, this article reviews contextual and definitional issues of RJ, introduces the special issue articles within the RJ literature, and provides recommendations for future research, training, and practice in RJ. Notably, this is the first special issue that brings together RJ scholarship and research in schools under a consultation framework.     

Flexural fatigue strength of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed steel fibres

INTRODUCTION A number of experimental fatigue studies were conducted on plain concrete as well as on steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams of different sizes under different loading conditions. Murdock and Kesler (1958) investigated the effect of stress ratio on the fatigue strength of plain concrete. Batson et al.(1972) reported fatigue strength of 74% and 83% of the first crack static flexural strength at 2 million cycles of complete reversed and not-reversed loads respectively…     

Dyslipidaemia Associated with Type 2 Diabetics with Micro and Macrovascular Complications among Ghanaians

In this study, differences in lipid levels amongst diabetics with and without complications were assessed to determine lipid disorders that are associated with diabetic complications other than cardiovascular diseases. A Cross sectional study design was employed. The study included 288 diabetics and 108 non diabetics with different types of complications such as hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The mean serum total cholesterol was higher in patients with complications compared to those without complications and the non-diabetic controls. The normotensive diabetic patients had the lowest total cholesterol among the diabetic patients’ groups (4.65 ± 0.17 mmol/l) compared to the diabetics with hypertension (6.051 ± 0.20 mmol/l), retinopathy (6.26 ± 0.29 mmol/l), neuropathy (5.80 ± 0.17 mmol/l) and nephropathy patients 5.74 ± 0.26 mmol/l (P < 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia among diabetic subjects was between 19.2 and 84.0%. The study shows that, in addition to macrovascular complications, dyslipidaemia is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with microvascular complications.     

Coming to Voice: Preparing Bilingual-Bicultural Teachers for Social Justice

This study examined the development of bicultural voice in Latina/o preservice teachers. Researchers used survey, interview, and observational data to probe students' knowledge, beliefs, and orientations related to teaching culturally and linguistically diverse students. The researchers found that the bilingual cohort courses afforded students with opportunities to juxtapose personal narratives with broader social contexts, thereby allowing students to examine and critique the ideology and curricula of schools. The authors assert that cultivating social justice orientations in bilingual-bicultural preservice teachers is crucial to the empowerment of bilingual-bicultural teachers and their students.     

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the wind flow over an airport terminal building

Turbulence in the wake generated by wind flow over buildings or obstacles may produce complex flow patterns in downstream areas. Examples include the recirculating flow and wind deficit areas behind an airport terminal building and their potential impacts on the aircraft landing on nearby runways. A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation of the wind flow over an airport terminal building was performed in this study of the effect of the building wake on landing aircraft. Under normal meteorological conditions, the studied airport terminal building causes limited effects on landing aircraft because most of the aircraft have already landed before entering the turbulent wake region. By simulating the approach of a tropical cyclone, additional CFD sensitivity tests were performed to study the impacts of building wake under extreme meteorological conditions. It was found that, in a narrow range of prevalent wind directions with wind speeds larger than a certain threshold value, a substantial drop in wind speed （〉3.6 m/s） along the glide path of aircraft was observed in the building wake. Our CFD results also showed that under the most critical situation, a drop in wind speed as large as 6.4 m/s occurred right at the touchdown point of landing aircraft on the runway, an effect which may have a significant impact on aircraft operations. This study indicated that a comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts of building wake on aircraft operations should be carried out for airport terminals and associated buildings in airfields to ensure safe aviation operation under all meteorological conditions and to facilitate implementation of precautionary measures.     

Recurrence of maltreatment: an application of the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS).

OBJECTIVE: The research describes and compares patterns of maltreatment recurrence across multiple states using large samples, confirms the patterns of recurrence found in the literature, and explores unreported patterns of recurrence. METHOD: A recurrence data set for calendar years 1994 and 1995 was constructed from the multi-state case level data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. These data were available for 10 states and included a range from 2,419 to 99,288 substantiated or indicated report-child pairs per state. A common set of data constructs lent consistency to data construction and analysis, while preserving differences in policy. Event History Analysis (survival) techniques were used. RESULTS: Single site studies were confirmed across the 10 states. These include the pattern where neglect is most likely to recur, followed by physical abuse and then sexual abuse. Similarly, younger children are more likely to recur. A finding of the analysis is that the likelihood of recurrence increases in a systematic and consistent fashion based upon the sequential ordering of recurrent maltreatment events. Also, the likelihood of recurrence is associated with the provision of postinvestigative services. CONCLUSION: Highly consistent patterns of recurrence were observed across states. Children experiencing multiple recurrences compared to no recurrence or one recurrence may represent a special at risk population requiring additional research. Adequate baselines and an understanding of recurrence is needed when considering recurrence as an outcome indicator or in developing risk assessment tools. Important recurrence patterns may be difficult to detect reliably with relatively small samples.     

Influence of DSP controller on performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive in flux-weakening mode

The flux-weakening performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive was investigated using both floating-point and fixed-point DSP controllers. A significant current oscillation was observed when the drive was operated at high-speed in the flux-weakening mode with the fixed-point DSP. The investigation showed that this was due to the on-line compensation of the winding resistance voltage drop and quantisation errors associated with the fixed-point architecture of the DSP. A simple look-up table scheme is proposed to eliminate the oscillation and to achieve extended flux-weakening capability.