English phonological awareness in bilinguals: a cross‐linguistic study of Tamil,Malay and Chinese English‐language learners

To test the lexical restructuring hypothesis among bilingual English‐language learners, English phonological awareness (PA), English vocabulary and ethnic language vocabulary (Mandarin Chinese, Malay or Tamil) were assessed among 284 kindergarteners (168 Chinese, 71 Malays and 45 Tamils) in Singapore. A multi‐level regression analysis showed that English vocabulary, in interaction with mother's education, statistically significantly predicted Singaporean children's PA; ethnic language vocabulary did not. Thus, the present study supports the lexical restructuring hypothesis that growth in vocabulary changes how lexical items are stored, leading to the development of PA. Home language practices, as represented by mother's education, may also enhance children's PA after a threshold of English vocabulary is reached. In addition, specific ethnic language (Chinese, Malay or Tamil) was a statistically significant predictor of PA, suggesting that orthographic depth as well as syllabic complexity of a bilingual's other language may influence their development of English PA.     

整改:本科教学评估的重要环节

本科教学评估对于我国高校各方面的建设和发展起到了巨大的促进作用。整改是本科教学评估工作的重要组成部分。但是,在本科教学评估实践中,整改的作用未得到充分发挥。深刻认识整改工作的必要性和艰巨性,发挥其在本科教学评估中应有的作用,对于提高本科教学评估的效益,有着十分重要的意义。     

传播学原理在战时舆论引导与控制中的运用

战争时期，谋略化地运用新闻传播学的方法技巧，做好舆论的引导与控制，对于统一军民思想意志，争取国际舆论支持，瓦解敌方民心士气，都具有重要的战略意义。笔者在此仅运用“议程设定论”、“媒介现实论”、“沉默螺旋论”等最常见的传播学原理来探讨战时舆论引导与控制的基本途径。     

《贞元六书》的致思路向与内在张力

冯友兰在吸取西方哲学来改造中国哲学、建立自己哲学体系的时候，注意到了西方哲学中的逻辑主义和“逻各斯”传统，而对西方哲学中的个体能动性思想和“奴斯”精神没有予以应有的重视。这样，在冯友兰《贞元六书》的体系中，不仅“新理学”和“境界说”之间、“共相世界”和“天地境界”之间缺乏合理的过渡．而且经过冯友兰改造后的“新理学”也缺乏中国哲学原有的那种契悟、冥会和亲证、体验。冯友兰后来在运用“正的方法”的同时，又求助于“负的方法”，在重视与引进西方的理性主义的同时，又推崇和提倡中国的神秘主义．就是为了解决这一难题。     

高校体育教学环境在体育教学中的作用

学校体育教学活动在很大程度上受教学环境影响 ,体育教学环境是学校体育教学活动所需的多种客观条件的综合 .本文探索了体育教学环境与体育教学活动的制约关系 ,进而提出了构建和优化体育教学环境的新思路 ,旨在合理配置体育教学资源 ,提高教学质量     

论梁启超小说理论的基本特性

尚用、开放、新变是梁启超小说理论的基本特性。求实尚用是梁启超小说理论的基本品格，也是其小说理论建构的基本出发点与归宿；以为我所用的民族立场为核心，向着一切异质化开放是梁启超小说理论的基本风貌，亦是其取得重要理论成就的方法论基石；超越传统、超越自我的批判精神与探索精神使其小说理论体现出求新求变的时代风貌与价值取向。     

康德的自由概念初探

自由概念在康德的哲学体系中居于“拱顶石”的地位,尤其是其实践哲学的起因和基础。并且,康德对于自由概念的阐释非常独特,既独立于康德哲学的体系之上,又内摄了作为“人的哲学”的康德哲学的核心。康德在《道德形而上学基础》和《实践理性批判》中集中地论述了实践哲学的自由概念,尤以后者更为纯熟圆满,故在此拟以《实践理性批判》一书为主要蓝本,试探悉康德式自由概念的发生、演绎、范围及作用。     

The immediate impacts of preschool attendance on Turkish children’s mathematics achievement

This study was conducted to investigate the immediate impacts of preschool attendance on Turkish children’s mathematics achievement. The participants were 200 children who attended or did not attend preschool. The number and operation task and the geometric shapes sorting task were used as the data collection tools. The children who attended preschool performed significantly better on the number and operation task and the geometric shapes sorting task than the children who did not attend preschool. Indeed, the multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that preschool attendance is the most important predictor of the success of children in number and operation task and the geometric shapes sorting task.     

Clapping with two hands: Bringing together local and outside knowledge for innovation in land husbandry in Tanzania and Ethiopia ‐ a comparative case study

Abstract

Promoting rural development in Africa involves learning to clap with two hands, that is to say, creating effective interaction between local knowledge and development initiatives, on the one hand, and the knowledge and initiatives of formal agricultural research and extension, on the other. Farmer innovators ‐men and women farmers who take their own initiative to change local agriculture ‐ are key allies in rural development, as shown by the experience of the ISWC programme in Africa. Focusing on Ethiopia and Tanzania, the authors describe how formal research and extension services are made aware of farmers’ innovative work and are encouraged to document the results, promote their spread, and support further development efforts by farmer innovators. A modified Participatory Technology Development (PTD) approach is thus emerging, which starts not with problem analysis but rather by linking up with local problem‐solving initiatives. While the learning process on this approach continues, dialogue has been initiated with policy‐makers with a view to incorporating the approach into regular government extension, research and training activities.     

EFFECTS OF TEACHER–STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS ON PEER HARASSMENT: A MULTILEVEL STUDY

Peer harassment is a major social problem affecting children and adolescents internationally. Much research has focused on student‐to‐student harassment from either an individual or a multilevel perspective. There is a paucity of multilevel research on students’ relationships with the classroom teacher. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological perspective to examine the relationships between individual student‐level characteristics, problematic teacher–student relationships, and student‐reported peer harassment. A total of 1,864 children (50.7% female) aged 8 to 13 years (M = 9.82, SD = 1.24), nested in 27 schools (58.2% public) in Spain, participated in the study. Ninety‐four homeroom teachers reported on teacher–student relationships, and students completed self‐report measures related to peer harassment and teacher–student relationships. Multilevel models showed that relationships between students and teachers exerted a varying degree of influence on classroom levels of peer harassment. Specifically, student‐reported teacher support was associated with diminished student‐reported peer victimization, whereas direct and indirect student‐reported teacher‐to‐student aggression was associated with increased peer victimization. Additionally, student‐reported student‐to‐teacher aggression and teacher‐to‐student aggression were associated with increased student‐reported peer aggression. Teacher‐reported variables at the classroom level, however, contributed little to student‐reported outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of future research on relationships between teachers and students.