Encouraging Knowledge Transfer in Food Science and Nutrition Education: Suggestions from Cognitive Research

For several decades, cognitive psychologists have been studying how we learn, and from this work it becomes possible to identify ways to help students learn in the classroom effectively. Importantly, this work does not just inform how to memorize facts, but also how to learn complex material in a way that allows students to apply what they are learning in future situations. The laboratory to classroom model used by many researchers to apply cognitive psychology to real educational situations, such as classroom learning and students’ independent studying, is described first. Then the focus turns to important issues within education, such as students’ ability to transfer knowledge to new situations and understand complex material. Finally, three learning strategies are discussed (concrete examples, elaborative interrogation, and retrieval practice) that instructors can implement to help students to both acquire knowledge and apply it to new situations, integrating examples from food science and nutrition.     

基于数字信息资源的图书馆业务流程变革

针对数字信息资源的发展促使图书馆业务流程发生较大的变革,探讨了数字信息资源对图书馆业务流程重组的影响.     

菲德尔?卡斯特罗体育思想研究

菲德尔?卡斯特罗是古巴杰出的前领导人,他自幼喜爱体育运动,其体育思想具有丰富的内涵,对古巴体育事业的发展产生了积极影响.同时,以体育事业发展为载体,推动了古巴其他各项事业的发展,使古巴成为了拉美"体育强国""教育强国"和"医疗强国".同时,卡斯特罗还是中国人民的老朋友,长期关注并支持中国体育事业的发展,研究其体育思想对中国体育事业的发展具有一定的借鉴和启发意义.     

基于DOI技术的数字化信息知识产权保护研究

文章首先分析数字化信息知识产权保护中存在的主要问题,详细剖析了采用DOI实施数字化信息知识产权保护的原理和机制;并分别从数字化信息的采集、加工、服务以及数据库等环节上实施知识产权保护的DOI策略.DOI的成功实施为数字化信息资源知识产权保护提供了一种基于内容的保护机制和策略,是网络环境下信息资源知识产权保护的有效手段.     

核心专利的识别及可视化方法

文章提出核心专利的识别及可视化方法。经过核心专利组合识别,专利权人名称标准化,专利权人国别处理,该方法提出核心专利的国家全球分析、20 强专利权人全球分析、共专利权人网络分析、高合作子网络全球分析。实验表明,全球锂电池核心专利被美国、日本、韩国主宰,20强专利权人主要分布于北美、西欧、东亚,高合作子网络由 MICHOT CHRISTOPHE、UNIV MONTREAL、PHOSTECH、CENTRE NAT、UMICORE 构成,主要合作在加拿大、美国、欧洲、国际局、中国、韩国、日本。由此可见,核心专利的识别及可视化方法有助于专利分析、专利管理等。     

家庭生活用能对二氧化碳排放的影响分析

家庭生活用能是温室气体二氧化碳的重要来源之一。通过对中国四川、陕西、重庆和江西的部分地区家庭能源消费进行实地问卷调查,本文运用因素分解法（LMDI）分析了家庭二氧化碳排放量与能源消费结构、家庭成员所受教育程度、家庭年收入、家庭人口及环保意识等因素的关系。结果表明,受教育程度和环保意识对于二氧化碳减排有积极的贡献,而家庭能源结构、家庭人口和家庭年收入对二氧化碳减排有负面的影响;其中家庭能源结构、受教育程度和环保意识对于二氧化碳减排有较大的影响。家庭人均年收入在不同的水平对二氧化碳排放的影响不同：低水平（指人均年收入低于10000元）有利于二氧化碳减排;高水平则促进二氧化碳排放。最后,在分析有关原因的基础上,本文针对家庭生活用能提出了相应的建议。     

Question Asking in the Science Classroom: Teacher Attitudes and Practices

Despite the wide agreement among educators that classroom learning and teaching processes can gain much from student and teacher questions, their potential is not fully utilized. Adopting the view that reporting both teachers’ (of varying age groups) views and actual classroom practices is necessary for obtaining a more complete view of the phenomena at hand, the present study closely examines both cognitive and affective domains of: (a) teachers’ views (via interviews) concerning: (1) importance and roles of teacher and student questions, (2) teacher responses, and (3) planning and teacher training; and (b) teachers’ actual practices (via classroom observations) concerning: (1) number and (2) level of teacher and student questions, as well as (3) teachers’ responses to questions. The data were collected from 3 elementary, 3 middle, and 3 high school science teachers and their respective classroom students. The findings lay out a wide view of classroom questioning and teachers’ responses, and relate what actually occurs in classes to teachers’ stated views. Some of the study’s main conclusions are that a gap exists between how science researchers and teachers view the role of teacher questions: the former highlight the cognitive domain, while the latter emphasize the affective domain.     

论朗诵中的二度创作

朗诵的二度创作是对朗诵文本理解、感受、想象的基础上,通过一定的表达手段,把诉诸于视觉的文字符号变为诉诸于听觉的声音符号的过程。它既是对朗诵文本的展现和再延伸,也是对朗诵文本的升华和重塑。朗诵者可以从选择作品、理解作品、表现作品几方面入手进行二度创作。     

自然保护地旅游承载力多情景核算——以云南泸沽湖为例

确定旅游承载力是处理自然保护地人地关系的重要手段,也是影响旅游地可持续发展的核心关键。以云南泸沽湖省级自然保护区为例,综合多源数据,利用“双评价”、容量转换等方法计算旅游承载力。结果发现：①泸沽湖具有“三区合一”的典型特征,由自然保护区、社区、景区3类空间叠加而成。自然保护区资源环境承载力等于社区人口负荷与景区旅游承载力之和。空间供给、资源消耗、设施提供和管理水平共同影响旅游承载力,其中空间供给是关键的制约因素;②依照“确定总量—减去存量—计算余量”的逻辑思路,计算出自然保护区适宜土地面积,获得特定建成情景下的资源环境承载力,减去社区人口负荷得到保护区承载力余量,可进一步转换为景区旅游承载力;③维持风景旅游型城镇建成环境条件下,泸沽湖高适宜的土地面积仅为298.54 hm²,占保护区总面积的3.67%;资源环境条件可支撑19920人,承载力余量为15918人,经过转换后可得旅游承载力为11938人/日;④针对短板的限制作用,提出采取倾斜木桶、延长长板等措施,为景区旅游承载力扩容提供思路。研究可为“三区合一”型自然保护地旅游承载力测算提供技术支撑,有利于保护地科学治理。     

浅析电大学生英译汉的常见错误

“理解正确,译文达意”是衡量翻译作品的标准。针对学生英译汉存在的基础知识不扎实、语法结构不清晰、译风不正和中外文化素养较差等问题,提出了在英语教学中应重视学生对英语基础词汇、语法知识、翻译技巧的掌握、培养一丝不苟的翻译作风和加强中西方文化修养。