中国图书馆界对知识产权问题的认知调研报告(中)——图书馆知识产权管理困境的原因

文章揭示了图书馆专业人士对知识产权保护认知的实际情况,知识产权管理现状、问题以及图书馆界对政府政策与措施的看法,为政府和相关单位提供一些基础性的数据,为加快制定适合图书馆发展实际需求的知识产权政策和方案提供了一手参考依据。     

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。     

贵州大学在计算机科学系开设情报检索英语课

贵州大学在计算机科学系开设情报检索英语课为培养学生运用英语获取所需信息的能力，并通过阅读检索工具书的英文使用说明，而学会对检索工具的使用，贵州大学图书情报学系经学校领导和有关部门支持和批准，由图情系杨明华副教授和计算机科学系蒋学锋副教授合作，邀请新西...     

近五年我国高校图书馆科研知识图谱分析

以2007-2011年高校图书馆馆员在CSSCI来源期刊中发表的8,942篇文献和其包含的60 985条参考文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpaceⅡ对相关数据进行处理,分析了高校图书馆的科研产出、多产作者及合作团体、对高校图书馆科研具有重要影响的文献、研究热点,以知识图谱的方式,全面把握和梳理五年间我国高校图书馆的科研状况。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

Recent progress in reactivity study and synthetic application of N-heterocyclic phosphorus hydrides

N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) have recently emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions, owing to their unique hydridic reactivity. The excellent hydricity of NHPs, which rivals or even exceeds those of many metal-based hydrides, is the result of hyperconjugative interactions between the lone-pair electrons on N atoms and the adjacent σ^*(P–H) orbital. Compared with the conventional protic reactivity of phosphines, this umpolung P–H reactivity leads to hydridic selectivity in NHP-mediated reductions. This reactivity has therefore found many applications in the catalytic reduction of polar unsaturated bonds and in the hydroboration of pyridines. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of the reactivity and synthetic applications of these phosphorus-based hydrides, with the aim of providing practical information to enable exploitation of their synthetically useful chemistry.     

网络环境下馆际互借的发展动向与问题

网络环境下的馆际互借服务是一种全新概念的服务,是实现资源共享的最佳方式。20世纪90年代以来,我国图书馆的馆际互借工作不断发展与完善。与此同时,也存在条块分割严重、经费投入短缺、标准化水平滞后等问题。这些问题的解决,既需要借鉴发达国家和地区的经验,也要研究我国馆际互借的发展状况与运行机制,促进馆际互借服务向更高层次发展。     

资料为广播电视节目服务的思考

文章就如何有效管理与利用日益增多的节目资源,从节目资料的全面收集、科学整理以及实现节目资料价值最大化等方面谈一些看法。     

基于语法隐喻理论提高留学生的写作能力

隐喻的现象普遍存在于语言中,依靠具体的事物帮助人们理解抽象的概念就是隐喻.隐喻作为一种修辞方式,和人的思维联系紧密,掌握一门语言首先要理解语言中隐喻的方式.当代语言学对于隐喻的研究,突破了词汇层面的束缚,深入到了语法层,语法隐喻的概念也随之诞生.语法隐喻就是用不同的语法形式表达相同的语义.语法隐喻在学生的二语写作习得中...     

我国台湾地区高校图书馆馆藏淘汰制度调查分析

通过网站调研收集我国台湾地区高校图书馆馆藏淘汰制度文本内容,梳理其中的淘汰因素和标准,发现其具有可操作性强、指标设置明确、分级典藏或淘汰、实施程序严谨规范、处理办法多元等特点.我国大陆地区高校图书馆在制订和完善馆藏淘汰规章制度时,应着重制订科学的馆藏淘汰标准,建立专业的淘汰审核委员会,加强数字资源建设.