On mathematical understanding: perspectives of experienced Chinese mathematics teachers

Researchers have long debated the meaning of mathematical understanding and ways to achieve mathematical understanding. This study investigated experienced Chinese mathematics teachers’ views about mathematical understanding. It was found that these mathematics teachers embrace the view that understanding is a web of connections, which is a result of continuous connection making. However, in contrast to the popular view which separates understanding into conceptual and procedural, Chinese teachers prefer to view understanding in terms of concepts and procedures. They place more stress on the process of concept development, which is viewed as a source of students’ failures in transfer. To achieve mathematical understanding, the Chinese teachers emphasize strategies such as reinventing a concept, verbalizing a concept, and using examples and comparisons for analogical reasoning. These findings draw on the perspective of classroom practitioners to inform the long-debated issue of the meaning of mathematical understanding and ways to achieve mathematical understanding.     

怀特海的过程哲学与中国哲学:从过程视角看

从过程视角考察了当代英美著名哲学家怀特海的过程哲学与东方哲学特别是中国哲学的相通之处，说明过程哲学的某些核心思想更加接近于中国哲学。近年来过程哲学对中国、日本和韩国等东方国家和地区的思想界发生着越来越大的影响。21世纪东方哲学的复兴，尤其是中国当代哲学的重建，可以借鉴过程哲学某些有价值的合理思想。     

Teacher capacity for and beliefs about data-driven decision making: A literature review of international research

Data-driven decision making continues to be a growing educational reform initiative across the globe. The effective use of data requires that teachers develop the knowledge and skills to analyze and use data to improve instruction. The purpose of this article is to examine teachers’ capacity for and beliefs about data use. These issues are examined through a review of research in the past decade. We find that teachers’ beliefs about and capacity for data use are often not connected within the literature or in practice, but we argue they are the heart of the connection between data and instructional change. Teachers’ capacity to use data and their beliefs about data use are shaped within their professional communities, in training sessions, and in their interactions with coaches, consultants, and principals. However, efforts to develop teachers’ capacity for data use often fall short of their goals. Correspondingly, teachers have varied beliefs about data use, and some feel they lack the ability to use data to inform instruction. In order to be more successful, capacity building should directly address teachers’ beliefs, and data use must be decoupled from external accountability demands and involve a variety of information on student learning.     

Novel high torque bearingless two-sided rotary ultrasonic motor

Applications are limited at present because the currently available ultrasonic motors (USMs) do not provide suffi-ciently high torque and power. The conventional travelling-wave USM needs the bearing to support, which required lubricant. To solve the above problem, a bearingless travelling-wave USM is designed. First, a novel structure of the two-sided USM consisting of a two-sided teeth stator and two disk-type rotors is designed. And the excitation principle of the two-sided travelling-wave USM is analyzed. Then, using ANSYS software, we set up the model of the stator to predict the excitation frequency and modal response of the stator. The shape of the vibration mode was obtained. Last, the load characteristics of the USM are measured using ex-perimental method. The maximum stall torque and the no-load speed were obtained. The results showed that the characteristics of the two-sided USM are better than those of the conventional one-sided USM.     

一个退化抛物型方程组解的整体存在性与爆破

研究了一个具有齐次Dirichlet边界条件以及正的初值条件的退化抛物型方程组：ut=△u^m v^pln^α（h u),vt=△v^n u^1ln^β（h v)．该方程组描述了一个具有2种连续介质的燃烧过程及热扩散过程、本利用上、下解方法获得了方程组解的整体存在性和爆破的条件．     

Teaching Against the Grain as an Act of Love: Disrupting White Eurocentric Masculinist Frameworks Within Teacher Education

What is radical love in teaching? How can radical love incite change and transformation within teacher education? What does radical love entail to prepare critically minded teachers for urban schools? In this conceptual paper, we respond to these questions through our individual and collective experiences as social justice oriented teacher educators preparing students to teach in urban schools. We engage with our womanist ways of knowing (Walker in In search of our mothers’ gardens: womanist prose, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 2004) and “theory in flesh” (Moraga and Anzaldúa in This bridge called my back: writings by radical women of color, 2nd edn, Kitchen Table/Women of Color Press, New York, 1983) to collaboratively reflect and analyze our conversations, reflective journaling, meetings, and other telling moments about what it means to practice radical love in teaching. More specifically, we identify three central concepts of what love as an act of resistance or teaching against the grain entails: (1) vulnerability, (2) collective support and healing, and (3) critique. Through these concepts we offer a framework from which to practice radical love in teaching and work in solidarity with others to transform oppressive systems in urban (teacher) education.     

构建社会主义和谐社会研究中的几个哲学问题

构建社会主义和谐社会是当前我国理论界关注和研究的主要课题。关于这一问题的研究已取得很大成绩,但也有某些理论问题尚待深入研究,如构建社会主义和谐社会同继承和发扬中国传统哲学的关系问题,构建社会主义和谐社会同坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的关系问题、建设和谐世界同坚持唯物史观的关系问题等。     

La Littérature De Jeunesse Entre Normes Pédagogiques Et Littéraires : Le Cas Des Pays Francophones D’afrique

YOUTH LITERATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF PEDAGOGIC AND LITERARY NORMS: THE FRENCH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES OF AFRICA – There are two approaches to children’s and youth literature, one didactic, the other aesthetic. This gives rise to the following question: taking into account the fact that children’s literature aspires to be a literary form in its own right, should more weight be attibuted to its aesthetic value when evaluating it? This paper examines this question – which has in the past been the subject of highly controversial discussions in the German-speaking regions – by focusing on youth literature in the French-speaking coutries of Africa. The pedagogic dimension cannot be ignored when considering this literary context because it is so much a part of the post-colonial dynamic. Youth literature in the French-speaking countries of Africa echoes current realities. Examples are used to demonstrate how literature can deal with vital questions without neglecting the literary aspect.     

STS课程的人文教育功能

STS课程体现了学校教育中科学主义与人文主义相融合的时代发展趋势。它超越了单纯的科学知识的灌输,关照学习者的主体价值,注重个体经验和个人发展目标;它有着丰富的人文内涵,对科技理性带来的负面效应始终保持高度关注,试图把社会价值观和伦理道德问题引入科学教育领域;它在人文教育方面尽管面临诸多困境,但通过课程内容的拓展和课程目标的调整,使我们看到了STS课程走出人文教育困境的希望。     

美国本科教学的启示——以北亚利桑那大学为例

美国北亚利桑那大学本科教学具有如下特点:成熟且富有成效的管理制度、有序安排课程表和课程教学、丰富而高效的网络资源、相互协作的教学风格、学生的积极参与和充分的师生互动、多样而综合的考核方式等。北亚利桑那大学的本科教学对我国本科教学有很大启示,给学生更多自主选择、尽快完成数字化课程网络辅助教学平台建设、增加师生互动、综合考评学生等。