“阶梯式成长”——从马斯洛需求层次分析林道静的成长之路

马斯洛需求层次理论认为人的需求分为阶梯式的五层:生理需求、安全需求、社会需求、尊重需求和自我实现的需求,是一个需要满足后再追求下一个需要。红色经典小说《青春之歌》中的林道静的成长之路典型性地反映出马斯洛需求层次理论:在同一时期,一个人可能有几种需求,但每一时期总有一种需求占据支配地位,对行为起决定作用。     

交际式教学法与任务型教学法在中国英语课堂的发展

交际外语教学法(CLT)是指发展语言学习者在情境中交流交际使用目标语言的能力的课堂教学法。任务型教学法(TBLT)伴随CLT的发展而兴起,在世界范围内的英语教学领域掀起了一场革命。然而,国内外教学界却一直对CLT和TBLT的标准定义,尤其对于CLT与TBLT在中国英语课堂的应用的必要性与适用性存在争议。鉴于此,就CLT与TBLT在中国英语课堂的发展进行综述讨论,以期能够把二者的教学理念与中国英语课堂情境有效结合起来,使得中国学生更好地在课堂上掌握英语语言知识。     

Designing a trust evaluation model for open‐knowledge communities

The openness of open‐knowledge communities (OKCs) leads to concerns about the knowledge quality and reliability of such communities. This confidence crisis has become a major factor limiting the healthy development of OKCs. Earlier studies on trust evaluation for Wikipedia considered disadvantages such as inadequate influencing factors and separated the treatment of trustworthiness for users and resources. A new trust evaluation model for OKCs—the two‐way interactive feedback model—is developed in this study. The model has two core components: resource trustworthiness (RT) and user trustworthiness (UT). The model is based on more interaction data, considers the interrelation between RT and UT, and better represents the features of interpersonal trust in reality. Experimental simulation and trial operation for the Learning Cell System, a novel open‐knowledge community developed for ubiquitous learning, show that the model accurately evaluates RT and UT in this example OKC environment.     

系统生物学研究进展

人类基因组计划把生物学由分子生物学时代推向系统生物学时代,生物学由分解转向整合,由叙述科学转变为定量预测科学。     

关于构建电子商务个人信用体系的探讨

本文分析了电子商务个人信用体系的特点及其在社会信用体系中的地位，对网络个人信用系统的工作流程进行了简要评述，并对我国电子商务个人信用体系的建设提出了几点建议。     

大学生兼职维权现状调查与思考*——以湖北省襄阳市高校为例

如今在校大学生兼职越来越普遍,不仅促进了大学生自身发展,也有利于社会的和谐发展。然而,在兼职过程中,由于种种原因,大学生权利常常受到侵害。调查了大学生兼职维权状况和被侵权的原因,并提出相关对策对于维护兼职大学生的合法权益具有重大的现实意义。     

股东与经理人信任对企业创新的影响研究

以实证方法研究了股东与经理人之间的信任度、经理人风险承担、股东与经理人之间的信息不对称及企业创新绩效的关系。研究表明,股东与经理人的信任度越高,越有利于企业创新绩效的提高,股东与经理人的信任度对企业创新绩效有直接影响。股东与经理人信任度越高,经理人的风险承担意愿越强。经理人的风险承担意愿对企业创新绩效有正向影响。股东与经理人之间的信任度可以通过经理人的风险承担间接影响企业的创新绩效。信息不对称度的降低可以提高股东与经理人之间信任度对企业创新绩效的直接促进作用。本研究对现有的部分理论做出了有益的补充,为企业实践提供了一定的参考。     

A microfluidic device for simultaneous measurement of viscosity and flow rate of blood in a complex fluidic network

Blood viscosity has been considered as one of important biophysical parameters for effectively monitoring variations in physiological and pathological conditions of circulatory disorders. Standard previous methods make it difficult to evaluate variations of blood viscosity under cardiopulmonary bypass procedures or hemodialysis. In this study, we proposed a unique microfluidic device for simultaneously measuring viscosity and flow rate of whole blood circulating in a complex fluidic network including a rat, a reservoir, a pinch valve, and a peristaltic pump. To demonstrate the proposed method, a twin-shaped microfluidic device, which is composed of two half-circular chambers, two side channels with multiple indicating channels, and one bridge channel, was carefully designed. Based on the microfluidic device, three sequential flow controls were applied to identify viscosity and flow rate of blood, with label-free and sensorless detection. The half-circular chamber was employed to achieve mechanical membrane compliance for flow stabilization in the microfluidic device. To quantify the effect of flow stabilization on flow fluctuations, a formula of pulsation index (PI) was analytically derived using a discrete fluidic circuit model. Using the PI formula, the time constant contributed by the half-circular chamber is estimated to be 8 s. Furthermore, flow fluctuations resulting from the peristaltic pumps are completely removed, especially under periodic flow conditions within short periods (T < 10 s). For performance demonstrations, the proposed method was applied to evaluate blood viscosity with respect to varying flow rate conditions [(a) known blood flow rate via a syringe pump, (b) unknown blood flow rate via a peristaltic pump]. As a result, the flow rate and viscosity of blood can be simultaneously measured with satisfactory accuracy. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to identify the viscosity of rat blood, which circulates in a complex fluidic network. These observations confirm that the proposed method can be used for simultaneous measurement of viscosity and flow rate of whole blood circulating in the complex fluid network, with sensorless and label-free detection. Furthermore, the proposed method will be used in evaluating variations in the viscosity of human blood during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures or hemodialysis.     

基于引力模型的县域中心村空间布局分析简

对中心村空间布局方法的探讨和创新,不仅能丰富中心村建设研究的理论体系,同时也是中心村合理布局和建设的关键所在。本文以空间相互作用为着眼点,在构建村镇“质量”表达的基础上,通过修正后的引力模型测算出县域小城镇对农村居民点影响的引力值。然后从人口结构、村庄规模、经济条件、基础设施4个方面建立评价指标体系对长治县农村居民点的发展实力进行评价。与此同时,以综合的视角定量分析了农村居民点所处的生态环境条件,并划分成高度适宜、中度适宜、低度适宜3个适宜性等级。最后,在上述研究的基础上,通过农村居民点内在条件和外在条件的区分与组合,确定了21个空间位置适宜、发展实力强、生态环境适宜性等级高的农村居民点作为长治县中心村建设方案,随后降低对发展实力的要求,另择13个农村居民点作为中心村备选方案。研究结果符合当地实际,为长治县中心村的空间布局和建设提供了理论依据。     

都市山区建设用地增减挂钩可行性研究——基于土地覆被与耕地利用的视角

作为现阶段农村建设用地整治的重要手段,城乡建设用地增减挂钩(简称“挂钩”)在各地实践中取得了不少经验,尤其在用地指标短缺、村庄空心化严重的平原区效果显著,而在都市山区特殊的资源条件和土地覆被、利用形态下能否适用,还有待进一步探讨.本文以北京市门头沟区为例,结合遥感影像、GIS分析和实地调研,从土地覆被和耕地利用的角度,对城乡建设用地增减挂钩实施的可行性进行了分析和讨论,结果显示:①由于地类调绘的影响,山区农村居民点和采矿用地地类统计面积和地表覆被面积的不一致,造成增减挂钩实施过程中建设用地的“拆小建大”和生态用地的面积损失;②山区耕地后备资源少,且坡度大质量低,城乡建设用地增减挂钩的实施会加剧耕地占补质量的差距,同时,种植业比较效益的低下和耕作半径的扩大也会影响农户土地利用决策,造成耕地撂荒,致使增减挂钩的社会效益也难以保障.最后,提出山区农村建设用地整治的关键是在保护生态环境的前提下,结合资源优势、村庄产业类型和发展趋势,优化建设用地配置,提高土地利用效益.