我国冰雪体育文化的本源、特征与发展对策

本文采用文献资料法与逻辑分析法对我国冰雪体育文化的本源、特征进行了分析,研究得出:我国早期冰雪体育运动发端于人类生产与生活的需要,是在长期的生产劳动和与自然斗争中逐渐萌生、发展而形成的;西方冰雪运动的传入促使了我国现代冰雪运动的发展;随着近代西方冰雪运动的传入及冰雪竞技赛事的增多、社会的变迁促使我国冰雪体育运动也发生变革,冰雪体育文化的内涵和外延也发生改变.地域性、民族性、实用性、复杂性、娱乐性、健身性是我国冰雪体育文化的主要特征.我国冰雪体育文化的发展需要政府出台冰雪体育文化保护政策;家庭、学校和社会三位一体的发展冰雪体育文化;保持和传承冰雪传统体育文化;发展冰雪体育赛事活动,加大媒体的宣传力度,使参与人群不断增多.     

Development of a markerless optical motion capture system for daily use of training in swimming

The main objective of this research was to develop a markerless optical motion capture system that can be used for daily use in swimming training. The butterfly stroke was targeted since it is considered bilaterally symmetric in motion. The system consisted of a segmentation process to obtain the participant’s silhouettes and a matching process to estimate the pose of the participant. A variable thresholding method was used to extract the silhouettes to solve non-uniform illumination in the recorded swimming video. Prior to the matching process, the human body was modeled as a series of nine segments to help the matching process. The model was then mapped so that it aligned with the silhouettes, which were investigated by similarity of intensity value. To minimize the degree of freedom in image matching, the available joint motion in the swimming human simulation model was used as a priori information for kinematics data of the swimming motion. As a result, the rotation angle’s correlation coefficients between the references and result of the matching process were around 0.95 for trunk, thigh, shank, upper arm, forearm, hand and 0.78 for head, hip and foot. The rotation angle and the velocity of the center of mass were put into the swimming human simulation model for a dynamics analysis. The simulation results show that the velocity obtained in the experiment corresponded to the fluid force exerted on the lower and upper limbs. Consequently, the proposed system of obtaining the joint motion of the butterfly stroke is suitable for daily training and coaching.     

The effect of acceleration signal processing for head impact numeric simulations

Brain injury research in sport employs a variety of physical models equipped with accelerometers. These acceleration signals are commonly processed using filters. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of applying filters with different cutoff frequencies to the acceleration signals used as input for finite element modeling of the brain. Signals were generated from reconstructions of concussion events from American football and ice hockey in the laboratory using a Hybrid III headform. The resulting acceleration signals were used as input for the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model after being processed with filters. The results indicated that using a filter with a cutoff of 300 Hz or higher had little effect on the resulting strain measures. In some cases there was some effect of the filters on the peak linear (8–30g) and rotational measures (1000–4000 rad/s²), but little effect on the finite element strain result (approximately 2–6 %). The short duration and high magnitude accelerations, such as the puck impact, were most affected by the cutoff frequency of different filters.     

Designing,building, measuring,and testing a constant equivalent fall height terrain park jump

Previous work has presented both a theoretical foundation for designing terrain park jumps that control landing impact and computer software to accomplish this task. US ski resorts have been reluctant to adopt this more engineered approach to jump design, in part due to questions of feasibility. The present study demonstrates this feasibility. It describes the design, construction, measurement, and experimental testing of such a jump. It improves on the previous efforts with more complete instrumentation, a larger range of jump distances, and a new method for combining jumper- and board-mounted accelerometer data to estimate equivalent fall height, a measure of impact severity. It unequivocally demonstrates the efficacy of the engineering design approach, namely that it is possible and practical to design and build free style terrain park jumps with landing surface shapes that control for landing impact as predicted by the theory.     

Der Sportwissenschaftler als Unternehmer im Wissensmarkt

Creative ideas are the driving force behind knowledge production, the producers of which are generally domesticated at universities for the purposes of ensuring the methodological credibility of the knowledge produced, in order to minimise the impact of chance in the creation of new knowledge. The status of producers is determined by indicators designed to simulate the demand for knowledge, precipitate a quantitative and qualitative comparison of elements which are not comparable, and establish legitimacy for the means of control used. Furthermore, incentives for competitive sport research and the symbolic recognition of scientists via sport practice play a particular role for knowledge production in sports science. In order to compensate for the practical world’s unwillingness to pay for sports science expertise relevant to competitive sport, the German Federal Institute of Sports Science (BISp) functions as a simulator of demand for knowledge generated by universities, while the Institute for Applied Training Science with its services exclusively available to umbrella organisations limits the range of incentives to produce (competitive) sporting knowledge. Sports scientists are thus faced with a market situation which favours routine research and standard methods, creates legitimacy at a central level, does not necessarily tackle actual issues faced by (competitive) athletes, stimulates demand for monitoring services, and all in all leaves monoculture-driven gaps which could most likely only be avoided by advocating and applying individual scope for action throughout the research ethos.     

从潮汕文化视角看潮汕民众体育价值取向与休闲体育现状

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法从潮汕文化视角研究潮汕民众的体育价值取向与民众参与休闲体育的现状和特点,为开展休闲体育及非遗民俗体育活动的传承提供参考.结果表明:潮汕民众体育价值取向倾向于个人品质和素质的塑造,注重族群间的交流和沟通;倾向于稳定、知足常乐,调节生活娱乐身心的价值功能;潮汕民众年龄越大,参与体育锻炼的频率有减少的态势;青少年人群在小长假进行体育休闲比例很小;随着年龄越大,潮汕民众越倾向于参加家族性团体的休闲活动.     

微格教学在田径普修课跳远教学中的实验研究

以广州体育学院2015级体育教育系学生为研究对象,采用文献资料、问卷调查、实验等方法进行研究.通过教学实验得出如下结论:(1)在体育院校田径普修跳远课中应用微格教学法,与传统教学方法相比,学生在技术评定方面成绩有显著性差异,达标方面成绩有一定的影响且优于传统教学.(2)微格教学法可以帮助学生提高学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性,是学生提高运动成绩,提升技术水平的有效手段.(3)在微格教学法中采用多媒体教学手段,反馈及时、准确,使师生、生生之间能及时交流沟通信息,有利于构建和谐的体育教学氛围,培养学生的实践能力和创新精神.     

民族传统体育项目基地发展的困境与超越

摘要：深入了解我国民族传统体育项目基地发展进程中的主要困境,探寻基地走出困境的超越对策,能有效发挥基地功能,推动我国民族传统体育发展。以社会学理论为基础,运用文献资料法、田野调查法、专家访谈法等研究方法,对我国民族传统体育项目基地发展的现实困境与超越策略等问题进行了系统审视与深入探讨。研究表明：我国民族传统体育项目基地在组织结构、运作方式、活动形式、质量评估等方面存在着组织结构缺失、管理权责不清、活动单一僵化、评估流于形式等现实困境。民族传统体育项目基地要走出当前困境,需要从现实问题出发,把握文化传承根本,合理再造基地发展理念,转换基地发展目标,完善基地组织结构,充分发挥不同类型基地的作用,并在加强基地组织建设,明确管理权责的基础上,构建基地协同创新发展的新模式。     

Seoul and the time in motion: urban form and political consciousness

Abstract

This paper explores the political effects of the cognitive change in the visual environment of colonial Seoul. It asks how the new urban imagery was perceived by the Korean population. It analyzes the ways in which they experienced urban forms, techniques of advertisement and urban infrastructure such as street‐cars and trains. It argues that the engagement of people with mobility, urban symbols and spectacles in the colonial city had stimulated different ways of seeing and thinking about who they were and what they had become, a new collective identity that is neither a subject of the Chos[obreve]n dynasty nor the Japanese colonial state. This paper demonstrates that colonial Seoul represented not only the technique of Japanese colonial subjugation but also generated a new grammar for imagining new identity and difference. The urban environment of the colonial city reflects not entirely a strategy of the colonizer but a tactic of the colonized in appropriating the different meanings of new social life, which was brought by, but not exclusively under, the control of colonial space and time.