A study of airfoil parameterization,modeling, and optimization based on the computational fluid dynamics method

An excellent airfoil with a high lift-to-drag ratio may decrease oil consumption and enhance the voyage. Based on NACA 0012, an improved airfoil is explored in this paper. The class/shape function transformation has been proved to be a good method for airfoil parameterization, and in this paper it is modified to improve imitation accuracy. The computational fluid dynamics method is applied to obtain numerically the aerodynamic parameters of the parameterized airfoil, and the result is proved credible by comparison with available experimental data in the open literature. A polynomial-based response surface model and the uniform Latin hypercube sampling method are employed to decrease computational cost. Finally, the nonlinear programming by quadratic Lagrangian method is utilized to modify the multi-island genetic algorithm, which has an improved optimization effect than the method used on its own. The obtained result shows that the modified class/shape function transformation method produces a better imitation of an airfoil in the nose and tail regions than the original method, and that it will satisfy the tolerance zone of the model in a wind tunnel. The response surface model based on the uniform Latin hypercube sampling method gives an accurate prediction of the lift-to-drag ratio with changes in the design variables. The numerical result of the flow around the airfoil shows reasonable agreement with the experimental data graphically and quantitatively. Ultimately, an airfoil with better capacity than the original one is acquired using the multi-island genetic algorithm based nonlinear programming by quadratic Lagrangian optimization method. The pressure contours and lift-to-drag ratio along with the attack angle have been compared with those of the original airfoil, and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized airfoil. The process for exploring an improved airfoil through parameterization to optimization is worth referencing in future work.     

Chinese middle school teachers’ preferences regarding performance evaluation measures

Teacher performance evaluation currently is receiving unprecedented attention from policy makers, scholars, and practitioners worldwide. This study is one of the few studies of teacher perceptions regarding teacher performance measures that focus on China. We employed a quantitative dominant mixed research design to investigate Chinese teachers’ preferences for teacher performance measures and the possible reasons for their preferences. Considering the quantitative results, the surveyed Chinese teachers identified fulfillment of additional roles, collaboration with faculty and staff, and students’ test scores as the most important measures for performance evaluation. Qualitatively, the most important measures that the surveyed teachers reported were the teacher’s morality, workload, and students’ test scores.     

启发式教学新释

启发式和注入式是教学过程中两种基本形式,既相互对立相互区别,又相互补充相互促进。启发式教学之奥妙在于灵活地运用“引子”。     

Bedingungen der Bindungswirkung inkrementeller Normen in Fußballvereinen

Sports clubs depend on the pooling of resources by their members. The supportive distribution of the resources within a club is facilitated in particular by the effectiveness of incremental standards. A basic prerequisite for a fair distribution of resources is a minimum of community spirit among the members. Based on a nationwide survey of football clubs and an ordinal logistic regression model, factors were determined that reflect the extent of the community spirit within a club. The opening up of the club by payment to players and perceived problems with acquiring and binding of volunteers are associated with a reduction of community spirit. In contrast, the perception that the club activities can be continued in the long term shows a positive correlation to a highly developed community spirit.     

Structural dynamic responses analysis applying differential quadrature method

INTRODUCTION The differential quadrature method (DQM) was proposed by Bellman and Casti as an analogous ex- tension of the quadrature method for integrals (Bellman and Casti, 1971; Bellman et al., 1972). It can be essentially expressed as the values of the de- rivatives at each grid point as weighted linear sums approximately of the function values at all grid points within the domain under consideration. As a distinct numerical solution technique to obtain the initial and/or boundary …     

雷州半岛南部近40万年以来的古植被与古生态——田洋湖钻孔孢粉数值分析

雷州半岛火山湖盆地第四系沉积的孢粉化石较完整地记录了近40万年以来的植被历史。本文用数值分析的方法探讨了田洋钻孔孢粉植物群的演变规律和古生态特征。根据有序样品最优分割的结果共综合成1个全新世孢粉带和7个更新世孢粉带(含14个亚带)。并利用R型聚类分析、对应分析探讨了各类建群植物的相互依存关系及其生态群特征。     

A channel distortion model for video over lossy packet networks

Error-resilient video communication over lossy packet networks is often designed and operated based on models for the effect of losses on the reconstructed video quality. This paper analyzes the channel distortion for video over lossy packet networks and proposes a new model that, compared to previous models, more accurately estimates the expected mean-squared error distortion for different packet loss patterns by accounting for inter-frame error propagation and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.264 encoded standard test sequences and previous frame concealment, where the proposed model provides an obvious accuracy gain over previous models.     

论邓小平"和平与发展"理论的实现途径

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题,但实现和平与发展的道路并不平坦.如何消除障碍,实现全人类的和平与发展?邓小平提出了自己的看法和主张,那就是:在坚持和平共处五项原则的基础上,搁置争议,寻求共同利益,避免冲突;借鉴中国“一国两制“模式解决国际争端,即“一个世界,多种制度“,保持世界政治经济模式的多元化.这些理论已经并将继续对人类的和平与发展产生巨大的推动作用,科学地解读并运用好这些理论,不仅具有重要的现实意义,而且具有深远的历史意义.     

铝型材碱蚀砂面工艺的研究与应用

介绍了一种已实现工业应用的磨砂型材生产工艺。在前人研究的基础上 ,根据铝的性质 ,从碱液浓度、温度、络合、整平等方面进行试验 ,发展了砂面剂。介绍了砂面剂中部分物质的作用     

网络与多媒体辅助教学在大学英语课堂中的运用

网络与多媒体辅助教学在大学英语教学中既具有优势也存在使用误区。要在英语课堂中合理地使用网络与多媒体辅助教学,教师必须真正理解现代教育技术的内涵,并能科学地选择最佳的教学媒体来实施教学。