基于本体的语义检索技术研究与实现

在本体基础上通过语义相似度和相关度的计算,利用语义推理将描述的隐含语义显式化,以充分挖掘出与检索内容相关的信息,实现相关信息的语义融合,提高查准率和查全率。研究基于本体的语义相似度和相关度的计算方法,并通过该语义检索方法的实现,证明该方法在语义检索系统开发中的可行性。     

高校图书馆流通服务台配置模型研究

[目的/意义]针对国内当前纸质书籍借阅量的逐年下降以及自动借还书机的逐步普及,建立一套系统有效的通用模型,以引导图书馆更好地优化人员配置,提高服务质量。[方法/过程]采用随机服务系统理论（排队论）进行流通服务台优化配置,在完成模型建构后,选定东南大学李文正图书馆的流通服务台进行模型验证。[结果/结论]所提出的流通服务台配置模型的实际使用情况证实了模型的有效性,可以为高校图书馆管理者对流通服务台的人员设置及工作安排提供决策参考,有效提高高校图书馆流通服务效率。     

Using word embeddings in Twitter election classification

Word embeddings and convolutional neural networks (CNN) have attracted extensive attention in various classification tasks for Twitter, e.g. sentiment classification. However, the effect of the configuration used to generate the word embeddings on the classification performance has not been studied in the existing literature. In this paper, using a Twitter election classification task that aims to detect election-related tweets, we investigate the impact of the background dataset used to train the embedding models, as well as the parameters of the word embedding training process, namely the context window size, the dimensionality and the number of negative samples, on the attained classification performance. By comparing the classification results of word embedding models that have been trained using different background corpora (e.g. Wikipedia articles and Twitter microposts), we show that the background data should align with the Twitter classification dataset both in data type and time period to achieve significantly better performance compared to baselines such as SVM with TF-IDF. Moreover, by evaluating the results of word embedding models trained using various context window sizes and dimensionalities, we find that large context window and dimension sizes are preferable to improve the performance. However, the number of negative samples parameter does not significantly affect the performance of the CNN classifiers. Our experimental results also show that choosing the correct word embedding model for use with CNN leads to statistically significant improvements over various baselines such as random, SVM with TF-IDF and SVM with word embeddings. Finally, for out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words that are not available in the learned word embedding models, we show that a simple OOV strategy to randomly initialise the OOV words without any prior knowledge is sufficient to attain a good classification performance among the current OOV strategies (e.g. a random initialisation using statistics of the pre-trained word embedding models).     

个性化跨语言学术搜索技术研究

学术搜索引擎是一种行业化的搜索引擎,但因其缺乏个性化的服务,使得用户的学术文献检索效率低下,海量的数字学术资源得不到充分利用.本文使用Google翻译,研究基于机器翻译的中、英、俄、法和西班牙等五个语种跨语言学术检索.在跨语言学术搜索的基础上研究个性化检索技术,提出一种基于聚类的个性化信息检索方法:通过观察用户对搜索结果聚类的点击行为,生成并更新用户实时兴趣模型,采用余弦夹角公式计算用户实时兴趣模型与搜索返回结果的相似度,根据相似度大小,为用户提供个性化重排序的搜索返回结果.实验结果证明了提出方法的有效性.     

对第27届悉尼奥运会我国男子体操选手落地稳定性的统计与分析

用比赛录像观察、数理统计和文献资料法 ,对第 2 7届奥运会我国男子体操选手落地稳定性进行统计与分析 ,结果表明 ,我国选手在团体、个人全能和个人单项决赛中落地动作完成较差 ,落地稳定性仅达 43 9%。以此为教练员、运动员提供参考和引起重视     

Reading expressively and understanding thoroughly: An examination of prosody in adults with low literacy skills

The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between prosody, which is the expressive quality of reading out loud, and reading comprehension in adults with low literacy skills compared to skilled readers. All participants read a passage orally, and we extracted prosodic measures from the recordings. We examined pitch changes and how long readers paused at various points while reading. Finally, for the adults with low literacy skills, we collected information on decoding, word recognition, and reading comprehension. We found several interesting results. First, adults with low literacy skills paused longer than skilled readers and paused at a substantially greater number of punctuation marks. Second, while adults with low literacy skills do mark the end of declarative sentences with a pitch declination similar to skilled readers, their readings of questions lack a change in pitch. Third, decoding and word recognition skills were related to pauses while reading; readers with lower skills made longer and more frequent and inappropriate pauses. Finally, pausing measures explained a significant amount of variance in reading comprehension among the adults with low literacy skills.     

遥感影像在煤矿中的解译研究

遥感影像是全国矿产资源开发多目标调查与监测的最基本的信息源,它在矿山开发监测中发挥着重要的作用。本文应用TM、SPOT5、IKONOS等影像,通过野外实地踏勘获取的现场资料及经验,分析煤矿在影像中的特征。从颜色、纹理、地物邻接关系等方面建立不同类型煤矿的遥感解译标志,提出煤矿的信息提取原则,旨在为矿山监测中的人们提供更加合理、准确的日视解译方法。     

The Grand Challenges Discourse: Transforming Identity Work in Science and Science Policy

This article analyzes the concept of “grand challenges” as part of a shift in how scientists and policymakers frame and communicate their respective agendas. The history of the grand challenges discourse helps to understand how identity work in science and science policy has been transformed in recent decades. Furthermore, the question is raised whether this discourse is only an indicator, or also a factor in this transformation. Building on conceptual history and historical semantics, the two parts of the article reconstruct two discursive shifts. First, the observation that in scientific communication references to “problems” are increasingly substituted by references to “challenges” indicates a broader cultural trend of how attitudes towards what is problematic have shifted in the last decades. Second, as the grand challenges discourse is rooted in the sphere of sports and competition, it introduces a specific new set of societal values and practices into the spheres of science and technology. The article concludes that this process can be characterized as the sportification of science, which contributes to self-mobilization and, ultimately, to self-optimization of the participating scientists, engineers, and policymakers.     

鱼化石与沧桑巨变

介绍了中生代晚期至今中国大陆淡水鱼类区系的演替 ,将其与世界其它地区同时代鱼类区系进行了比较 ,发现了一些有意义的分布格局 ,并对某些格局进行了解释。     

顾客保留管理战略探析

顾客保留管理是"以顾客为中心"的新型商业模式顾客关系管理的核心组成部分,是一种旨在改善企业与顾客之间关系的新型管理战略。顾客保留率是顾客关系管理中的重要概念,也是顾客关系好坏的重要衡量指标。从探讨顾客保留管理的内涵入手,全面分析了顾客保留管理内容,以及其与企业经营战略体系的关系,提出了顾客保留管理战略的一些选择。