偏远地区高校学生大学英语自主学习能力培养探究

大学英语自主学习是大学生英语学习的一种很有效的学习方式,而自主学习能力的培养是大学英语教学的培养目标之一,它对缓解大学英语教学的诸多矛盾起到重要作用。以自主学习理论为指导,立足偏远地区高校的实际情况,探究偏远地区高校学生大学英语自主学习能力培养的可行性,对提高该类高校学生大学英语学习成绩将起到促进作用。     

孔、墨忠观念之比较

在儒家创始人孔子那里,"忠"主要是一种发自内心的真诚、尽己为人,是一种普遍伦理要求。当进而扩大至政治领域时,"忠"作为政治伦理规范,表示的是一种尽心事上的价值追求和工作态度。虽然也有"忠君"之义蕴,但主要是在道义的准则之下,表现出的一种相对的忠君观。在墨子那里,臣下对君主的忠是以君主对臣下的惠为前提的,但由于在判断君惠与否的标准上陷入了神秘主义的天志论,最终却是以尚同而导向了绝对的忠君观。     

北京民办高等教育在城市化进程中的辐射功能

民办高等教育的区域化研究一直是民办教育研究的重点课题。首都北京作为全国高等教育资源中心,民办高等教育获得了长足的发展,它在促进北京城市化进程中发挥着辐射功能,并与城市化形成一种互动关系。     

高职英语教学中的赏识教育

高职学生普遍缺乏自信,学习动力不足,尤其对公共英语课程的学习兴趣不浓,笔者在长期的英语教育教学实践中,总结出符合高职学生特征的赏识教育法,学生受到很好的激励,从自卑、自弃转化为自信、自尊,并极大地融洽了师生关系。     

中外优秀男运动员百米动作速度时空结构的运动学特征

通过文献资料、高速摄像和对比分析的方法,对中外男运动员百米途中跑一个单步的步长、步时及人体重心轨迹进行研究,制定了短跑运动员所应达到的步频、步幅范围与跑速之间关系的模式表,为教练员科学训练提供了依据.     

基于微信平台的高校档案微服务创新策略

基于高校档案微信平台的服务现状,分析得出高校档案微服务存在服务意识淡薄、服务内容单调、标准规范缺失、互动性差等问题。从用户需求、服务内容、顶层设计、用户管理等四个方面出发,提出转变服务观念、优化平台资源、制定标准规范、做好分类互动的策略,以提高高校档案微服务的生命力和竞争力,发挥其优势和作用。     

发展农村社区教育推动社会主义新农村建设

农村社区教育对农村社会的全面发展有着重大的战略意义,是当前社会主义新农村建设的助推器,特别是在培养新型农民和提升农村精神文化氛围等方面都有着独特的推动作用;但是目前我国农村社区教育的发展还十分落后,与农村经济社会的发展不协调,还没有很好的起到其应有的推动作用。     

整理活动方式对消除运动员运动后血乳酸效果的分析

采用实验法，比较安静休息、轻松整理活动和专项整理活动方式对运动后血乳酸的清除、消除心理疲劳的效果。结果发现：积极性的整理活动效果明显优于安静休息；轻松整理活动和专项整理活动对血乳酸的清除效果无显著性差异，但轻松整理活动对消除心理疲劳的效果优于专项整理活动。     

How silicon fertilizer improves nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient availability in paddy soil?

In order to reveal the mechanism of silicon(Si) fertilizer in improving nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) nutrient availability in paddy soil, we designed a series of soil culture experiments by combining application of varying Si fertilizer concentrations with fixed N and P fertilizer concentrations. Following the recommendations of fertilizer manufacturers and local farmers, we applied Si in concentrations of 0, 5.2, 10.4, 15.6, and 20.8 μg/kg. At each concentration of added Si, the availability of soil N and P nutrients, soil microbial activity, numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and P-decomposing bacteria which means that the organic P is decomposed into inorganic nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and urease and phosphatase activity first increased, and then decreased, as Si was added to the soil. These indicators reached their highest levels with a Si application rate of 15.6 μg/kg, showing values respectively 19.78%, 105.09%, 8.34%, 73.12%, 130.36%, 28.12%,and 20.15% higher than those of the controls. Appropriate Si application(10.4 to 15.6 μg/kg) could significantly increase the richness of the soil microbial community involved in cycling of N and P nutrients in the soil. When the Si application rate was15.6 μg/kg, parameters for characterizing microbial abundance such as sequence numbers, operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number, and correlation indices of microbial community richness such as Chao1 index, the adaptive coherence estimator(ACE)index, Shannon index, and Simpson index all reached maximum values, with amounts increased by 14.46%, 10.01%, 23.80%,30.54%, 0.18%, and 2.64%, respectively, compared with the control group. There is also a good correlation between N and P mineralization and addition of Si fertilizer. The correlation coefficients between the ratio of available P/total P(AP/TP) and the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AP/TP and acid phosphatase activity(AcPA), AP/TP and the Shannon index, the ratio of available N/total amount of N(AN/TN) and the number of ammoniated bacteria, and AN/TN and AcPA were 0.9290, 0.9508,0.9202, 0.9140, and 0.9366, respectively. In summary, these results revealed that enhancement of soil microbial community structure diversity and soil microbial activity by appropriate application of Si is the key ecological mechanism by which application of Si fertilizer improves N and P nutrient availability.     

A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills

ABSTRACT

Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming.

Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand.

Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills.

Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test.

Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding.