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841.
842.
Kathia Serrano-Velarde 《Minerva》2010,48(2):125-144
What happens when management consultants enter the academic arena and offer their services to universities? In the following article, we examine this question by drawing on findings from a qualitative study based on a series of 30 interviews with senior management consultants and academic managers in Germany. The aim of this explorative study is, first of all, to provide theoretically informed observations about the working mechanisms of management consulting in academia. A second, and related objective, is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the changing nature, role, and implications of managerial expertise and authority in higher education institutions. We begin our study by providing an overview of the literature on the changing nature of university management. Although these studies show a shift in the power constellation of universities from professional to managerial authority, we argue that they remain suspiciously vague as concerns the way academics and managers actually deal with this conflicting situation. By drawing on the insights of consulting studies, we then explore the stakes of consultancy in academic change projects and determine the analytical factors that will guide our qualitative analysis. Finally, we present and discuss the findings before concluding with more general remarks on the nature of academic management in German universities. 相似文献
843.
In this paper we critically review recent developments in policies, practices and philosophies pertaining to the mediation
between science and the public within the EU and the UK, focusing in particular on the current paradigm of Public Understanding
of Science and Technology (PEST) which seeks to depart from the science information-transmission associated with previous
paradigms, and enact a deliberative democracy model. We first outline the features of the current crisis in democracy and
discuss deliberative democracy as a response to this crisis. We then map out and critically review the broad outlines of recent
policy developments in public-science mediation in the EU and UK contexts, focusing on the shift towards the deliberative-democratic
model. We conclude with some critical thoughts on the complex interrelationships between democracy, equality, science and
informal pedagogies in public-science mediations. We argue that science and democracy operate within distinct value-spheres
that are not necessarily consonant with each other. We also problematize the now common dismissal of information-transmission
of science as inimical to democratic engagement, and argue for a reassessment of the role and importance of informal science
learning for the “lay” public, provided within the framework of a deliberative democracy that is not reducible to consensus
building or the mere expression of opinions rooted in social and cultural givens. This, we argue, can be delivered by a model
of PEST that is creative and experimental, with both educational and democratic functions. 相似文献
844.
Virology Experts in the Boundary Zone Between Science,Policy and the Public: A Biographical Analysis
Erwin van Rijswoud 《Minerva》2010,48(2):145-167
This article aims to open up the biographical black box of three experts working in the boundary zone between science, policy
and public debate. A biographical-narrative approach is used to analyse the roles played by the virologists Albert Osterhaus,
Roel Coutinho and Jaap Goudsmit in policy and public debate. These figures were among the few leading virologists visibly
active in the Netherlands during the revival of infectious diseases in the 1980s. Osterhaus and Coutinho in particular are
still the key figures today, as demonstrated during the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1). This article studies the various
political and communicative challenges and dilemmas encountered by these three virologists, and discusses the way in which,
strategically or not, they handled those challenges and dilemmas during the various stages of the field’s recent history.
Important in this respect is their pursuit of a public role that is both effective and credible. We will conclude with a reflection
on the H1N1 pandemic, and the historical and biographical ties between emerging governance arrangements and the experts involved
in the development of such arrangements. 相似文献
845.
Stephen P. Turner 《Minerva》2010,48(3):239-258
Charles Perrow used the term “normal accidents” to characterize a type of catastrophic failure that resulted when complex,
tightly coupled production systems encountered a certain kind of anomalous event. These were events in which systems failures
interacted with one another in a way that could not be anticipated, and could not be easily understood and corrected. Systems
of the production of expert knowledge are increasingly becoming tightly coupled. Unlike classical science, which operated
with a long time horizon, many current forms of expert knowledge are directed at immediate solutions to complex problems.
These are prone to breakdowns like the kind discussed by Perrow. The example of the Homestake mine experiment shows that even
in modern physics complex systems can produce knowledge failures that last for decades. The concept of knowledge risk is introduced,
and used to characterize the risk of failure in such systems of knowledge production. 相似文献
846.
J. Stanley Metcalfe 《Minerva》2010,48(1):5-33
It is commonplace to say that the modern economy is knowledge based but a moment’s reflection points to the vacuity of this notion. For all economies are knowledge based and could not be otherwise. The question is rather how is one kind of knowledge based economy to be distinguished from another? This essay proposes that the answer may lie in three directions: (1) in terms of the variety of knowledge that is engaged; (2) in terms of the processes by which the production of knowledge is organised, and its corollary the resources devoted to knowledge production and dissemination; and, (3) in terms of the purposes to which knowledge is put. In respect of each of these dimensions, the rise of the modern university as a custodian of knowledge in Western economy and society has been of central importance; but universities are not alone in this role, a wide range of other agencies, private firms, public research laboratories for instance play an important role in defining a knowledge economy and have done so increasingly since the turn of the nineteenth century—a first indication of the systemic dimensions of a modern knowledge economy. 相似文献
847.
Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the unintended consequences of the New Public Management (NPM) in universities is often feared to be a division between
elite institutions focused on research and large institutions with teaching missions. However, institutional isomorphisms
provide counter-incentives. For example, university rankings focus on certain output parameters such as publications, but
not on others (e.g., patents). In this study, we apply Gini coefficients to university rankings in order to assess whether
universities are becoming more unequal, at the level of both the world and individual nations. Our results do not support
the thesis that universities are becoming more unequal. If anything, we predominantly find homogenisation, both at the level
of the global comparisons and nationally. In a more restricted dataset (using only publications in the natural and life sciences),
we find increasing inequality for those countries, which used NPM during the 1990s, but not during the 2000s. Our findings
suggest that increased output steering from the policy side leads to a global conformation to performance standards. 相似文献
848.
849.
850.
Why culture attracts and resists economic analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gillian Doyle 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2010,34(4):245-259
The realm of arts and culture can be seen as ephemeral and ill-suited to the ‘intrusion’ of quantitative analysis. Yet, demand
amongst end-users for economic research into cultural and creative industries is stronger today than ever it has been in the
past. Oddly, culture seems to both attract and resist economic analysis. Drawing on an analysis of recent research findings
related to multi-platform strategies in the television industry, this article examines what is distinctive about economics
of culture, and it assesses the appeals but also the challenges associated with conducting scholarly research work in this
particular area. 相似文献