在线学习者的自我评价与反思研究

网络为知识的群体建构和学习者高级思维能力的发展提供了更加丰富和建构性的交互机会,但是, 研究表明,这些机会和优势是无法自动产生的。本文从促进学生参与、发展学习者高级思维能力的角度入手,尝试了学习者自我评价的方法,即把对学习者学习评价的一部分职责转移到学习者身上。本文首先介绍了这种分析方法的缘由和具体的实施细节,然后提供了一个学习者按照这种方法分析自我学习过程的例子,最后作者得出结论, 这种方法有助于促进学习者的参与和元认知能力的提高,进而促进知识的社会性建构。     

高校研究生精神压力的维度及其相关因素分析

研究生作为我国学历教育的最高层,承受着来自社会多方面的精神压力。问卷调查及多元统计分析表明,绝大部分研究生承受着较大甚至很大的精神压力,主要来源于学业、就业、经济、家庭、婚恋和人际关系等方面,而且具有不同个体背景和不同自我评估的研究生在压力程度及来源上存在较大差异。这不仅要求研究生做出恰当应对,而且对高校也提出了较高的要求,同时社会舆论及社会政策也应有适当转向。     

Measurement and analysis of soil nitrogen and organic matter content using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

Near infrared reflectance （N1R） spectroscopy is as a rapid, convenient and simple nondestructive technique useful for quantifying several soil properties. This method was used to estimate nitrogen （N） and organic matter （OM） content in a soil of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou County. A total of 125 soil samples were taken from the field. Ninety-five samples spectra were used during the calibration and cross validation stage. Thirty samples spectra were used to predict N and OM concentration. NIR spectra of these samples were correlated using partial least square regression. The regression coefficients between measured and predicted values of N and OM was 0.92 and 0.93, and SEP （standard error of prediction） were 3.28 and 0.06, respectively, which showed that NIR method had potential to accurately predict these constituents in this soil. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be a good tool for precision farming application.     

数学软件与大学数学教学

本文分析了数学软件对数学教学改革的促进作用,以及高等学校数学教学对数学软件依赖性,指出要正确处理好数学软件与数学教学的关系,合理有效地发挥数学软件在数学教学中的作用。     

Probability Density Function Method for Observing Reconstructed Attractor Structure

Probability density function (PDF) method is proposed for analysing the structure of the reconstructed attractor in computing the correlation dimensions of RR intervals of ten normal old men. PDF contains important information about the spatial distribution of the phase points in the reconstructed attractor. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the PDF method is put forward for the analysis of the reconstructed attractor structure. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the cardiac systems of healthy old men are about 6 - 6.5 dimensional complex dynamical systems. It is found that PDF is not symmetrically distributed when time delay is small, while PDF satisfies Gaussian distribution when time delay is big enough. A cluster effect mechanism is presented to explain this phenomenon. By studying the shape of PDFs, that the roles played by time delay are more important than embedding dimension in the reconstruction is clearly indicated. Results have demonstrated that the PDF method represents a promising numerical approach for the observation of the reconstructed attractor structure and may provide more information and new diagnostic potential of the analyzed cardiac system.     

新FRP技术加固钢筋混凝土矩形柱改善延性的试验研究

Reinforced concrete （RC） columns lacking adequately detailed transverse reinforcement do not possess the necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake without severe strength degradation. In this paper, a new retrofit method, which utilized fiber-reinforced plastics （FRP） confinement mechanism and anchorage of embedded bars, was developed aiming to retrofit non-ductile large RC rectangular columns to prevent the damage of the plastic hinges. Carbon FRP （CFRP） sheets and glass FRP （GFRP） bars were used in this test, and five scaled RC columns were tested to examine the function of this new method for improving the ductility of columns. Responses of columns were examined before and after being retrofitted. Test results indicate that this new composite method can be very effective to improve the anti-seismic behavior of non-ductile RC columns compared with normal CFRP sheets retrofitted column.     

七姊妹山自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物及保护对策

据调查统计,七姊妹山自然保护区共有国家重点保护植物28种。其中,I级保护植物7种:银杏、红豆杉、南方红豆杉、伯乐树、莼菜、珙桐和光叶珙桐;II级保护植物21种:黄杉、蓖子三尖杉、巴山榧树、野大豆、连香树、樟树、闽楠、桢楠、花榈木、红豆树、鹅掌楸、厚朴、凹叶厚朴、水青树、红椿、毛红椿、金荞麦、喜树、香果树、川黄檗和榉树。该区国家保护植物的物种数、I级保护物种数和II级保护物种数分别占湖北省分布的60.9%,87.5%和55.30%。根据这些植物在该区分布集中、居群规模小、片段化严重、垂直分布明显的特点,提出了相应的保护对策。     

Personal Review： Sources of sulfide in waste streams and current biotechnologies for its removal

Sulfide-containing waste streams are generated by a number of industries. It is emitted into the environment as dis- solved sulfide (S2- and HS-) in wastewaters and as H2S in waste gases. Due to its corrosive nature, biological hydrogen sulfide removal processes are being investigated to overcome the chemical and disposal costs associated with existing chemically based removal processes. The nitrogen and sulfur metabolism interacts at various levels of the wastewater treatment process. Hence, the sulfur cycle offers possibilities to integrate nitrogen removal in the treatment process, which needs to be further optimized by appropriate design of the reactor configuration, optimization of performance parameters, retention of biomass and optimization of biomass growth. The present paper reviews the biotechnological advances to remove sulfides from various environments.     

类比教学法在操作系统教学中的应用研究

本文首先介绍了类比教学法,根据多年的教学实践,总结出了类比教学法的实施步骤。然后以虚拟存储技术和死锁为例,讨论了在操作系统课程教学中如何使用类比教学法。经教学实践证明,该方法是行之有效的。     

Expertise Reversal Effect and Its Implications for Learner-Tailored Instruction

The interactions between levels of learner prior knowledge and effectiveness of different instructional techniques and procedures have been intensively investigated within a cognitive load framework since mid-90s. This line of research has become known as the expertise reversal effect. Apart from their cognitive load theory-based prediction and explanation, patterns of empirical findings on the effect fit well those in studies of Aptitude Treatment Interactions (ATI) that were originally initiated in mid-60s. This paper reviews recent empirical findings associated with the expertise reversal effect, their interpretation within cognitive load theory, relations to ATI studies, implications for the design of learner-tailored instructional systems, and some recent experimental attempts of implementing these findings into realistic adaptive learning environments.