Can public arts education replace arts subsidization?

The debate about whether the arts should be supported or not is far from new, and most governments support the arts in one way or the other. The literature considers several arguments in favor of such interventions. Public education may seem to be an action which could, in the long run, lead to possible reductions of subsidies. Surveys show that those who have been exposed to the arts when young participate more when adult. However, the “non-market” transmission from parents to children generates an external effect, which has to be taken into account to reach first-best situations. We construct an overlapping generations model in which young consumers are exposed to both public education toward the arts and to non-altruistic transmission of such a taste from their parents. We show that the first-best can be reached only if there is both public cultural education and subsidization of arts consumption. Therefore, education cannot be considered as a substitute for subsidies to arts consumption. However, as is often the case in European countries, government intervention is usually below the first-best level. Using a model calibrated on French data, we show that it is then preferable to subsidize education, while consumption, especially of the older generations, should be taxed rather than subsidized.

A Geohistorical Study of ‘The Rise of Modern Science’: Mapping Scientific Practice Through Urban Networks, 1500–1900

Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the ‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.

少林寺走出的传奇人物王宝强

他是《天下无贼》里的"傻根",《暗算》里的"阿炳",最近又成了《士兵突击》中的"许三多"。王宝强这个朴实的农村小伙,在影片中所饰演的许多角色,憨憨地感动着电视机前的亿万观众。这个8岁就到少林寺习武的穷孩子,成功道路充满了传奇色彩。     

民族危机下的中国自由主义——以20世纪30年代天津《益世报》为中心

本文以天津<益世报>为中心,将自由主义的理论研究置于20世纪30年代多重复杂的历史语境之中,探讨两者间的互动关系,以揭示自由主义知识分子在严峻的民族危机之下对中国自由主义话语体系的重构.文章对30年代自由主义的解读主要包括三个方面的内容:一、重新解读自由主义的核心基础--个人主义;二、抨击国民党的一党专制,主张开放党禁,实行政党政治;三、在保障个人自由与公民权利的基础上,制定宪法,并希望能按照宪政民主的原则,建立一个即有能力又有能负责的政府,以期克服当时严峻的民族危机.     

聂卫平与小林觉的亲家情

2008年2月6日,时逢中国传统春节的除夕夜,中国围棋圣手聂卫平正与家人一起观看中央电视台春节联欢晚会的节目.这时他家的电话响了,电话里传来他那远在日本的儿子孔令文的声音.每逢佳节倍思亲,接到儿子的春节祝福,聂卫平特别开心,而更令他开心的是紧接着收到了日本亲家小林觉九段的祝福.……     

楚辞在文章骈俪化过程中的地位和影响

中国古代众多文体都滥觞于先秦时期,骈文也不例外.但是,同<周易><尚书>,以及后来的<左传><国语><战国策>,<老子><论语><墨子><荀子><孟子><庄子><韩非子>等著述相比,楚辞在文章骈俪化过程中的地位尤其重要,可以说是骈文的先声.我们不仅可以在屈、宋楚辞中找到骈文的基本要素如对偶、声韵、藻饰、用典等等,而且还可以看出其中某些要素已经达到相当成熟的地步,骈俪趋势十分明显,对后世骈文家的创作影响甚大,在中国古代骈文史上占据着相当重要的位置.     

Direct observation of nodeless superconductivity and phonon modes in electron-doped copper oxide Sr1−xNdxCuO2

The microscopic understanding of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent complexity of crystal structures in these materials. We used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study the electron-doped copper oxide compound Sr_1−xNd_xCuO₂, which has only bare cations separating the CuO₂ planes and thus the simplest infinite-layer structure of all cuprate superconductors. Tunneling conductance spectra of the major CuO₂ planes in the superconducting state revealed direct evidence for a nodeless pairing gap, regardless of variation of its magnitude with the local doping of trivalent neodymium. Furthermore, three distinct bosonic modes are observed as multiple peak-dip-hump features outside the superconducting gaps and their respective energies depend little on the spatially varying gaps. As well as the bosonic modes, with energies identical to those of the external, bending and stretching phonons of copper oxides, our findings reveal the origin of the bosonic modes in lattice vibrations rather than spin excitations.     

济宁市部分小学生亚健康现状的调查与研究

通过问卷调查法、文献资料法和数理统计法对山东省济宁市部分小学生的亚健康状况进行调查与分析。本次调查结果表明,不同性别、不同年级小学生的亚健康状况有所不同。对自己专业不满意、父母期望的过高或过低、缺乏体育锻炼、不按时吃早饭等都会导致亚健康状态发生率的增高。积极参加运动健身,养成良好的饮食习惯,保证充足的睡眠,避免熬夜调节人体生物钟,调整心态迎接挑战,参加心理咨询与治疗等措施有助于改善小学生的亚健康现状。     

中国专利产出与人均GDP的相关性分析

运用自回归模型和SPSS软件从专利申请受理量、授权量、国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值四个指标中选出授权量和人均国内生产总值两个统计变量,根据统计数据分析两者之间的相关性,从模型计算结果可知两者存在较好的相关性;授权量对人均国内生产总值的贡献率为3.3%;模型不仅通过了一阶自相关性检验,有效解决了一阶自相关性问题,而且可有效预测我国人均国内生产总值。