The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

中国传统符号的设计今用

中国传统符号的内容很多,怎么在现在的设计中做到古为今用,需要对中国传统符号的精髓彻底消化和贯通。     

辨清“现代”与“现代性”，走出现代课堂教学行为误区

现代课堂观念的提出催生了新的教学理念、教学模式、教学方法和教学评价，相应地也改变了人们传统的教学行为，极大地提高了课堂教学的效率。但在现代课堂推进的过程中，教学行为也出现了一些误区，对这些误区进行梳理与探究，能端正我们对现代课堂的认识，纠正我们不当的课堂教学行为。     

普华永道中美网站英文简介文体对比分析

随着全球化和互联网的发展越来越多的中国企业依靠电子商务走出国门,企业英文简介是公司利用网络对外宣传的重要媒介。此文从文体学视角运用个案对比分析方法,从词汇,语法,修辞手段三个层面探究了普华永道企业在美国网站和中国网站上的企业英文简介文本的异同,从中得出跨文化商务沟通启示以建议中国企业在编写企业英文简介时顺应外国文化。分析表明两篇文本均使用了大量及物动词,多次使用现在时和主动语态并且多次应用重复和平行结构修辞手法,但是在难度指数,阅读难易程度,情感表达和正式程度方面表现出不同。     

以课例研修为途径评价体育课运动负荷设计的实证研究

为确保学校体育课堂中运动负荷的合理性,有效提高学生体质健康水平。在文献研究和实证研究的基础上,本文探寻到课例研修这种途径,可以有效评价体育课堂运动负荷的设计。课例研修通过教师共同体的形式来充分研讨一节课,提升了教师专业素养,提升了学生体质健康水平。同时,课例研修的原则是以学科为基础,以问题为中心,以案例为载体,该教研手段具有普适性,值得在多个学科研究推广。     

Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

口语测试量表设计方法的审视与思考

从介绍的角度审视现成口语测试量表设计的主要种类和特点;对比量表设计的优劣;探讨合适的设计方法和可行性。     

提问法与英语写作反驳教学行动研究

针对英语专业学生思辨能力薄弱、在英语写作中无法进行有效反驳的问题,教师可以从对立面观点或证据的目的、暗示和结果等八个角度和真实性、普适性等四个标准设置问题,引导学生讨论和思考、最终有效反驳.实践证明,从以上两个维度实施提问法能有效提高学生英语写作反驳的能力.