Some Aspects of the Development of the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

Although the USSR and the United States had a comparable number of employees in the field of scientific information, there was a substantial difference in funding, which resulted in a lack of information support for Soviet scientists. While 90% of the publications in the United States were available almost immediately after their release, in the USSR they were delayed by 1.5 to 2 years. Since the publication of the Abstracts Journal by VINITI (AJ), its content was consistently expanding and reached its peak in 1990 (1.5 million documents per year). The next quarter of a century was characterized by a decline in both the composition of the AJ and the time required for its document coverage. The steps for restructuring VINITI activities are discussed. The focus is made on improving the limited coverage of the Russian-language part of the global flow of scientific information by Western information systems.     

Russian Science Citation Index: Areas for Development Identified by Active Users

The current state of the Russian Science Citation Index is analyzed. Several areas for its further development identified by long-standing active users, such as data searching, refinement, and storage; current user alerts; data input with the Science Index license; patent information; and the application programming interface (API) are investigated.     

探索博物馆“展教结合”新形态——美国史密森尼国家自然史博物馆Q?rius案例研究

在博物馆更新改造中设置与展厅相邻的教室、实验室、活动室,开展与展览内容对应的教育活动,体现了国际上博物馆“展教结合”、加强教育功能的发展趋势。美国史密森尼国家自然史博物馆Q?rius展区即是这一趋势的产物,它将教育与展厅及其展览内容密切呼应、深化展览教育,在空间规模、功能布局、对象设定、活动规划、教育资源、人员分配、突出公众的“个体化”“参与式”和“关联型”学习等方面拥有较为成功的经验,可为我国博物馆提供借鉴。     

《机械能》单元检测题

一、选择题 1.关于机械能守恒定律的适用条件,下列说法中正确的是( )     

用数学建模竞赛的思想指导师范生毕业论文的写作

针对高等师范院校数学专业毕业论文的现状和存在的问题,阐述了毕业论文改革的必要性和可行性,提出了遵循数学建模竞赛的思想和方法来指导师范生毕业论文写作的新模式,并且给出了按照数学建模竞赛的思想和方法进行师范生毕业论文选题和撰写的建议。     

习近平读书思想的三重纬度

[目的/意义]深入探究和学习习近平的读书思想，把握其与读书相关的思想精髓与思想价值，进而影响和推动阅读型、学习型、书香型社会的建设和发展。[方法/过程]根据习近平关于读书的系列重要论述，结合其自身长期不辍的读书经历，以人们普遍关注的关于读书的3个基本问题："为什么读书""怎样读书"和"读什么书"为纬度，系统研究和阐释习近平读书思想。[结果/结论]习近平读书思想的分析与把握，对指导全民读书活动的开展以及阅读推广活动的深入推进具有重要的意义。     

军人企业家领导特质研究——以万科集团总经理王石为例

全球众多成功的知名企业家中有很多都是军人出身,因而有人评论说世界上最大最优秀的商学院不是哈佛,不是斯坦福,而是西点军校。为此,本文首先运用文献分析法,探讨了军旅生活塑造了军人哪些独特的品质;采用案例分析法,对万科集团总经理王石的个案进行了深入分析。研究发现,军队造就了军人企业家与众不同的特质,而这些特质又很大程度上影响了他们的经营决策,进而帮助这些企业家领导企业走向成功。     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

中国传统符号的设计今用

中国传统符号的内容很多,怎么在现在的设计中做到古为今用,需要对中国传统符号的精髓彻底消化和贯通。     

辨清“现代”与“现代性”，走出现代课堂教学行为误区

现代课堂观念的提出催生了新的教学理念、教学模式、教学方法和教学评价，相应地也改变了人们传统的教学行为，极大地提高了课堂教学的效率。但在现代课堂推进的过程中，教学行为也出现了一些误区，对这些误区进行梳理与探究，能端正我们对现代课堂的认识，纠正我们不当的课堂教学行为。