国立研究型大学的地位和作用:东亚的视角

本文针对当前我国高等教育研究领域中对民办大学定位不清和对“985工程”质疑的观点，通过对东亚地区私立大学和国立研究型大学各自的地位与作用的分析，提出了民办大学的基本任务是为满足高等教育大众化服务，而国立研究型大学则在国家精英人才培养、科学研究、高新产业的培育、国际学术交流等领域具有不可替代作用的论点。同时，通过国际比较得出了我国政府必须继续加大“211工程”和“985工程”投入力度的结论。     

生活形式：后期维特根斯坦消解美的本质观之路

本文分析了生活形式在后期维特根斯坦哲学、美学中的重要性,这种重要性表现在生活形式不但是家族相似的背景,而且是语言游戏的落脚地,还是意义判断的标准。生活形式具有实践性、不可穷尽性和语言性的特点,而美的本质观正是在其中得以消解。维氏对美的本质观的消解直接或间接地影响到中国语言美学的形成。     

Tracking Pre-service Teachers’ Changing Conceptions of Good Science Teaching: The Role of Progressive Reflection with the Same Video

A CD-ROM consisting of videos of two lessons by different teachers demonstrating exemplary science teaching was used to elicit, develop and track the changing conceptions of good science teaching of student teachers enrolled for the one-year Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) at several stages during the programme. It was found that the videos acted as an effective probe to elicit student teachers’ conceptions and had significant impact on those conceptions at different stages of the programme through the provision of teacher models demonstrating exemplary teaching. The experience has extended novice teachers’ awareness of alternative teaching methods and approaches not experienced in their own schooling, broadened their awareness of different classroom situations, provided proof of existence of good practices and prompted them to reflect on their current conceptions of good science teaching. Most importantly, the strategy of asking student teachers to watch the same videos on three separate occasions at different times of the course was recognized by them as a crucial element in facilitating their reflection on their changing conceptions of good science teaching. PGDE is the standard form of pre-service teacher education in Hong Kong. It provides qualified teacher status within Hong Kong. Student teachers enrolled for the PGDE have completed a relevant undergraduate degree.     

Beyond educational attainment: The importance of skills and lifelong learning for social outcomes. Evidence for Europe from PIAAC

Empirical evidence suggests that educational attainment nurtures people's social outcomes and promotes active participation in society and stability. However, it is unclear to what extent other types of human capital also correlate with social outcomes. Hence, we explored the opportunity offered by the PIAAC survey through its provision of information on educational attainment, observed individual key skills proficiency, and participation in adult education and training (adult lifelong learning). We therefore studied the association between these human capital variables and social outcomes, and more specifically interpersonal trust and participation in volunteering activities. Results revealed that these social outcomes were affected not only by the formal qualification obtained, determined by the education variable, but also throughout the life‐cycle. Indeed, education and training when undertaken during adult life have a significant impact, especially on volunteering. The fact that the skill proficiency also plays a significant role is extremely relevant, as skills are more likely to change over the life‐cycle, either in a positive or negative way. Whilst the formal education received is constant after exiting the educational system, skills reflect competences more accurately: first, because those with the same level of education may have different skill levels because of differences in the quality of education or ability; second, because skills can vary over time. For example, they may increase with work experience or informal education, or decrease as a result of depreciation and ageing. These findings suggest that social outcomes are prone to be affected by many factors other than formal education, suggesting that policy makers can implement recommendations even after formal education has been completed.     

浅谈加油站的内部控制评审

由于加油站数量与规模扩展迅速,加油站已不进行独立的财务核算.在现行条件下如何确保公司利润最大化,股东回报最大化的目标能够实现,怎样使总部制定的阶段目标得以实现,需要一套完备的内部管理制度,做到授权有度、风险受控、操作规范,而且,为了满足国内外资本市场对上市公司的监管要求,保证资产安全及财务报告真实、可靠,中石化总部已研究决定在股份公司内部推行内部控制制度,因此,对加油站的内控制度进行评审就显得尤为必要.     

计算机技术辅助物理实验教学的研究与实践

结合国内高校的物理实验教学改革情况,笔者对恰当把计算机引入物理实验教学的各个环节进行了探索与实践.阐述了充分发挥了计算机仿真实验、分组实验、演示实验、观测数据、采集数据和管理实验成绩等功能,对提高了物理实验教学质量的积极作用.     

Adjustment scales for preschool intervention: Extending validity and relevance across multiple perspectives

A series of studies extended psychometric research on the Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI). The ASPI is a multidimensional measure of preschool emotional and behavioral adjustment for use within formal early childhood educational programs. These studies used a multiple method, multisource approach to provide additional evidence for the reliability and validity of the ASPI. Findings documented inter‐rater reliability of the ASPI across key informants within early childhood educational programs—teachers and teacher assistants. Findings supported concurrent validity of the ASPI with direct observations of preschool classroom adjustment problems and the developmentally salient constructs of temperament and emotion regulation. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 725–736, 2004.     

论我国社会转型过程中的教育制度推进

教育制度化是教育实践活动和教育关系的规范化 ;显性教育制度是正式的 ,通过明确的、公开的规范来规约人们的教育行为 ;而隐性教育制度表现为相反的利益倾向 ,这种双重教育制度有其形成的原因、矛盾 ,从而造成普遍性教育秩序的困境与障碍     

近年来上海物理高考改革实例分析

素质教育要求将学生从由死记硬背造成的过重地学业负担中解放出来，要求让学生感受、理解知识产生和发展的过程，要求教育以德育为核心、以创新精神和实践能力为重点、以学生发展为目标。由此对高考内容改革提出了如何设置试卷结构，如何设计试题形式，如何确立考查目标，如何根据当前现况对教学进行平稳导向等一系列问题。这几年高考物理(上海卷)力图就上述几个方面的问题作进一步探索。     

Development of system thinking skills in the context of earth system education

The current study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the junior high school level. The sample population included about 50 eighth‐grade students from two different classes of an urban Israeli junior high school who studied an earth systems‐based curriculum that focused on the hydro cycle. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) Could the students deal with complex systems?; (b) What has influenced the students' ability to deal with system perception?; and (c) What are the relationship among the cognitive components of system thinking? The research combined qualitative and quantitative methods and involved various research tools, which were implemented in order to collect the data concerning the students' knowledge and understanding before, during, and following the learning process. The findings indicated that the development of system thinking in the context of the earth systems consists of several sequential stages arranged in a hierarchical structure. The cognitive skills that are developed in each stage serve as the basis for the development of the next higher‐order thinking skills. The research showed that in spite of the minimal initial system thinking abilities of the students most of them made some meaningful progress in their system thinking skills, and a third of them reached the highest level of system thinking in the context of the hydro cycle. Two main factors were found to be the source of the differential progress of the students: (a) the students' individual cognitive abilities, and (b) their level of involvement in the knowledge integration activities during their inquiry‐based learning both indoors and outdoors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.