Heisenberg’s invention of matrices

Richard Feynman once said: “nobody understands quantum mechanics”. Still, those who devised it are perhaps the ones closest to understanding their creation. It suggests that whenever the weirdness of quantum mechanics haunts you, it is better to go back to its creators in terms of their original publications. In the present article, the author has tried to seek help from Heisenberg’s 1925 paper, in order to reduce the weirdness of going from classical observables to quantum operators.     

教育者模式:俄罗斯的发展性学校心理教育

心理教育工作者在学校中扮演什么角色,如何参与到学校教育的整体活动中并有效地促进学校教育目标的实现?这是当前我国学校心理教育领域关注的现实问题。本文以俄罗斯学校心理教育的新近发展为背景,重点探讨了俄罗斯学校心理教育中的“教育者模式”,并具体分析其教育目标和工作任务。     

Channel adaptive rate control for energy optimization

Low energy consumption is one of the main challenges for wireless video transmission on battery limited devices. The energy invested at the lower layers of the protocol stack involved in data communication, such as link and physical layer, represent an important part of the total energy consumption. This communication energy highly depends on the channel conditions and on the transmission data rate. Traditionally, video coding is unaware of varying channel conditions. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer approach in which the rate control mechanism of the video codec becomes channel-aware and steers the instantaneous output rate according to the channel conditions to reduce the communication energy. Our results show that energy savings of up to 30% can be obtained with a reduction of barely 0.1 dB on the average video quality. The impact of feedback delays is shown to be small. In addition, this adaptive mechanism has low complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications.     

外语教学中跨文化交际能力培养策略

语言与社会和文化有密切的联系,语言的使用离不开作为社会和文化成员的人以及使用语言的环境.外语交际双方来源于不同的文化背景,外语交际能力实际上是一种跨文化的交际能力.文章从语言与文化的关系和由文化因素产生的母语与外语之间的差异入手,阐述外语教学中文化传授的必要性,并说明外语教学的重点应尽快从语言系统本身转到语言的功能上来.     

A Novel Whiteheadean Science Program for 14-16 Year Olds in England and Wales

A novel “Whiteheadean” science program was initiated in England and Wales in September 2006. Following a critical House of Commons report in 2002, the government altered the National Curriculum targets and thus forced the Examination Boards to alter their specifications in order to come in line. Assessment at GCSE level (i.e., the 14-16 year cohort) was criticised for: a) failing to inspire students to continue with science, b) discouraging students from thinking for themselves, c) neglecting contemporary science, d) lacking flexibility, and e) making practical work into a tedious and dull activity. The British government has insisted that all pupils in state funded schools must know the names of some modern scientists and their work. They must discuss some current scientific problems. History and philosophy of science is included under the topic heading “How Science Works.” In Chemistry these objectives have destroyed the traditional linear top-down sequential approach of teaching into an approach based more closely on Whiteheadean lines (cf., the ideas expressed in The Aims of Education, 1926, Chapters 1-3).     

吴语处州方言豪肴二韵的分合

通过实地调查，运用地理语言学的研究方法，平面揭示吴语处州方言豪、肴二韵的语音特点，并对其历史层次进行分析。处州方言豪、肴二韵的今读状态，是其自身演变和受外来方言影响的结果。     

Random vibration analysis of switching apparatus based on Monte Carlo method

The performance in vibration environment of switching apparatus containing mechanical contact is an important element when judging the apparatus’s reliability. A piecewise linear two-degrees-of-freedom mathematical model considering contact loss was built in this work, and the vibration performance of the model under random external Gaussian white noise excitation was investigated by using Monte Carlo simulation in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation showed that the spectral content and statistical characters of the contact force coincided strongly with reality. The random vibration character of the contact system was solved using time (numerical) domain simulation in this paper. Conclusions reached here are of great importance for reliability design of switching apparatus.     

《说文解字》鬼部与中国鬼神文化

绵延几千年的鬼神文化是中国俗文化的根基,它间接反映了上古社会生活的各个层面,向我们展现精彩纷呈的上古文化风貌。本文通过对《说文解字》鬼部字的研究,从鬼神崇拜和恐惧鬼神两面来探讨汉民族的远古鬼神文化。     

水稻免耕栽培生理基础——Ⅱ.免耕水稻的光合特性

威优64、陆青早1号作为试验材料,免耕能提高功能叶的光合速率、生育前期功能叶的呼吸强度、绿叶面积、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,并延缓它们在生育后期的下降速率,降低后期功能叶的呼吸速率。主分量分析说明,在研究光合作用时,光合强度、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、叶片含氮量,可以任意选择一个作为光合特性指际。粒/叶比说明,免耕对源的改善较对库的改善较好些。     

Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of endothelium and down-regulates VEGF expression of K562 cells

Homoharringtonine (HHT) has currently been used successfully in the treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias and has been shown to induce apoptosis of different types of leukemic cells in vitro. Emerging evidence suggests that angiogenesis may play an important role in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. How ever, whether HHT can relieve leukemia by anti-angiogenesis is still unknown. We investigated the anti-angiogenesis potential of HHT with the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) and leukemic cell line (K562) in vitro. Cellular proliferation was determined by MTT assay and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed by RT-PCR and VEGF protein production was detected by Western blot. Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by HHT were discovered in ECV304 cells, and appeared in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, treatment with HHT caused down-regulation of VEGF mRNA expression in K562 cells in similar dose- and time-dependent manner and inhibition of VEGF protein production in K562 cells in response to the enhancing concentration of HHT. The results demonstrated that HHT could also induce apoptosis in endothelium and down-regulate VEGF expression in K562 cells. In conclusion, we believe HHT has anti-angiogenesis potential and speculate that HHT might exert its anti-leukemia effects via reduction of angiogenesis.