Cerilla,mechero, fuego: claves de recuperación y recuerdo infantil

Resumen

Esta investigarón tiene como objeto averiguar el efecto de claves visuales que representan diversas relaciones específicas entre objetos, en pruebas de memoria aplicadas a 611 niños de siete años de edad, divididos en seis grupos experimentales. Los resultados sugieren un mejor recuerdo de las asociaciones sintagmáticas frente a las asociaciones paradigmáticas. Este hecho puede interpretarse como un dominio de la memoria episódica sobre la semántica en una determinada etapa evolutiva (aunque una interpretación alternativa sugiere que la interacción entre tarea y prueba tiene más peso que la interacción entre tarea y sujeto). Si se acepta el dominio de la memoria episódica en una cierta etapa evolutiva, queda pendiente de averiguar si este dominio se mantiene o no a lo largo de etapas posteriores y, en caso afirmativo, cuáles serían las implicaciones.     

Effects of the coach approach intervention on adherence to exercise in obese women: assessing mediation of social cognitive theory factors

The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets ofsocial cognitive theory (n=73) or a control condition (n=64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R2 = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments.     

Education for Sustainable Development in South Africa: A Model Case Scenario

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an educational approach that, by being a catalyst of social change, promotes sustainability. Although South African education policy and practice appear to be oriented towards ESD, the concept is contested, and ragged with ambiguity and vagueness. Because the transformation of South African education is primarily aimed at social change, such vagueness and ambiguity could prevent the achievement of the vision of an education system that contributes to social change and sustainable development. In this article, we construct a model case scenario to assist in clarifying the concept of ESD. A model case scenario, we contend, might not only lead to an advanced understanding of the concept, but could also serve as an informative tool with which to comment on the extent to which an education system has responded to the call to promote sustainable development. A model case scenario could therefore assist the promotion of the appropriate and unambiguous use of the concept ESD and the alignment of education policy and practice to achieve the transformational goals of the South African Constitution, and of South African education.     

Closing the Achievement Gap: A Metaphor for Children Left Behind

The No Child Left Behind Act presents an unprecedented challenge to current educational policy matters. While aimed at addressing the needs of disadvantaged children by claiming to promote equity, justice, and social citizenship among all youth, the new accountability seems to be concerned more with the imperatives of the marketplace. The education framework currently in place becomes a vehicle for social mobility for those few privileged citizens who have the resources and power to make their choices matter, but merely a form of social constraint for those who lack such resources. This paper problematizes the current efforts of reform and examines to what extent they actually benefit the children they are designed to serve.     

Mathematics learning disabilities in girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome during late elementary school

The present study focuses on math and related skills among 32 girls with fragile X (n = 14) or Turner (n = 18) syndrome during late elementary school. Performance in each syndrome group was assessed relative to Full Scale IQ-matched comparison groups of girls from the general population (n = 32 and n = 89 for fragile X syndrome and Turner syndrome, respectively). Differences between girls with fragile X and their comparison group emerged on untimed arithmetic calculations, mastery of counting skills, and arithmetic problem verification accuracy. Relative to girls in the comparison group, girls with Turner syndrome did not differ on untimed arithmetic calculations or problem verification accuracy, but they had limited mastery of counting skills and longer response times to complete the problem verification task. Girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome also differed from their respective comparison groups on math-related abilities, including visual-spatial, working memory, and reading skills, and the associations between math and those related skills. Together, these findings support the notion that difficulty with math and related skills among girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome continues into late elementary school and that the profile of math and related skill difficulty distinguishes the two syndrome groups from each other.     

Windows的核心数据库注册表初探

注册表是Windows系统存储关于计算机配置信息的数据库 ,包括系统运行时调用的运行方式的设置 .本文分析了注册表结构 ,阐明了如何修改注册表或使用一些注册表工具来优化Windows系统     

Negotiating the meaning of questions in didactic and experimental contracts

In recent years, the notion of communication contract has stimulated a lot of research in social developmental psychology as well as in education. This article presents two series of investigations using different methods for the study of the didactic and experimental contracts. The discussion focuses on some theoretical issues raised by these studies: the risk of sociological vs psychological reductionism, the risk of neglecting the specificity of cognitive activity and the risk of reifying the notion of context. Possible developments for future research will be suggested. The problem of the articulation between social, institutional and interactional contexts in the study of cognitive activity is a central argument.