走向意义构建的教师研究

人是寻求意义的主体.当前教师研究存在着形式化问题,其根源在于忽视了教师研究意义的构建.教师研究意义是教师作为主体,在外部支持性环境这一动力场中主动将研究信念与自我信念、经验进行互动,进而建构起关于研究的理解.情境性和生成性是意义构建的两大特征.要促进教师研究意义的构建,必须关注教师真实的生活,关注教师作为主体的存在.     

基于双螺旋知识结构的知识转移模型探究

信息时代的知识呈现出爆炸式的增长,与知识活动相关的研究开始备受人们的关注,人们期望通过对知识活动的研究,能更有效地使用知识、创造价值。对知识转移活动进行探究,在分析相关概念、经典理论的基础上,提出知识转移活动的理论模型,即基于双螺旋知识结构的知识转移模型,分析模型中知识转移过程中的内部转移过程和外部转移过程及其作用机制,并以斯德哥尔摩症候群为例,从知识转移的角度,利用该模型分析其显隐性知识的转移过程。     

教育研究中的系统科学进展与应用

系统科学作为教育研究的重要方法论,也是教学系统设计的理论基础之一.它虽然已经历了一般系统论、自组织理论、复杂性理论三个发展阶段,但就目前教育理论研究情况来看,系统科学思想方法的教育应用仍多停留在一般系统论的初级阶段,对系统科学的新近研究成果显得不够重视,尤其是有着丰富内涵与教育应用巨大潜力的自组织理论代表--耗散结构理论.随着后现代主义教育研究的深入,耗散结构理论已越来越多地受到课程研究领域专家的重视,相关研究成果初步显现.另外,数字化学习理论Connectivism新近获得了较大发展,它的主要观点正是耗散结构理论主要思想方法的重要体现.由此,我们相信在系统梳理系统科学自身发展状况的基础上,研究系统科学代表性观点的教育应用已显得十分必要.另外,积极吸纳耗散结构理论的思想观点去分析教学系统,有助于从教育研究方法论的角度审视教育的弊病,查找深层次原因,摸索规律,促进信息时代教育的新发展.     

“机械设计基础课程设计”课程思政实践探究

本文从“思政十三元素”对“机械设计基础课程设计”课程的教学内容与课程思政的融合进行探讨,详细阐述了从政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明四个方面开展课程思政的途径,以实现课程设计实践内容和课程育人的双向结合。     

Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool

Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar interior. Its landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Kármán crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater. A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission operations. In situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1 and 2 μm, similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which confirms that the regolith''s composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen ejecta. The rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions, but stronger absorptions, suggesting relatively fresh exposure. The rock may consist of 38.1 ± 5.4% low-Ca pyroxene, 13.9 ± 5.1% olivine and 48.0 ± 3.1% plagioclase, referred to as olivine-norite. The plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle, but representative of the lunar lower crust. Alternatively, the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle materials. This scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool, indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model [Icarus 2012; 220: 730–43].     

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.     

SOC中微处理器核的嵌入重用研究

随着集成电路技术发展,系统集成芯片(SOC)由于低功耗、低成本、高性能等特点受到了人们的关注。通用处理器媒体指令扩展技术的发展,使得基于处理器的实时媒体处理算法成为可能。媒体处理器IP核重用成为可编程媒体系统芯片设计的重点和难点。本文围绕媒体处理器IP核在媒体系统芯片中的重用,对数据通路设计及控制信息通信机制进行研究。最后成功开发了一个典型多处理器结构的媒体集成芯片。     

网络蠕虫预警与隔离控制方法研究

针对网络蠕虫的快速传播特性,运用简单流行病学模型和从监控系统获得的非法扫描数据,通过检测非法扫描流量的增长趋势,在蠕虫病毒爆发初期对其进行实时预警,运用数据挖掘技术从扫描数据中自动获取扫描特征,据此特征对蠕虫扫描进行过滤和隔离,阻断蠕虫病毒的传播。     

Replication,pathogenicity, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in minks

Minks are raised in many countries and have transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans. However, the biologic properties of SARS-CoV-2 in minks are largely unknown. Here, we investigated and found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and transmits efficiently in minks via respiratory droplets; pulmonary lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 in minks are similar to those seen in humans with COVID-19. We further found that a spike protein-based subunit vaccine largely prevented SARS-CoV-2 replication and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks. Our study indicates that minks are a useful animal model for evaluating the efficacy of drugs or vaccines against COVID-19 and that vaccination is a potential strategy to prevent minks from transmitting SARS-CoV-2.     

知识隐喻与教学转型

从知识隐喻的角度考察知识论历史演进的线索,我们可以看到:一切真正的知识都具有活动的、实践的性质,应当原原本本地看待“认知活动”。不过,这些知识的隐喻尽管凸现了“认知活动”的关系性,但依然没有从近代批判哲学所固有的认识论中解放出来。因此,传统的“客观主义”知识论固然是不可取的,现代的“主观主义”知识轮的局限性也不可轻视。立足于种种知识说给出的若干指标,考察我国的教育改革面临的问题,给予我们的启示是,素质教育的课堂教学需要克服两种片面性:既不能无视儿童已有的知识体系,单向地灌输知识;也不能走向轻视概念性知识、无视知识结构化的体验主义教育。