2009-2018年高校图书馆读者借阅规律演化探究——以北京大学图书馆为例

借书数据是图书馆特有的、规范性强、延续性强的读者数据之一,探究其中蕴含的图书馆资源利用规律的变迁和读者借阅倾向的演化,是了解读者、亲近读者从而优化图书馆服务的基础。聚焦北京大学图书馆2009—2018年的借书数据,通过聚类分析、时间演化分析等方法,挖掘读者借书时间、借书主题、热门作者的演化规律。结果显示,近十年来,图书馆的借书服务努力克服时空限制,推动常态化服务的效果显著;不同类别图书间的阅读差异有所缩小,跨学科阅读现象更为普遍;上升类热门作者的出现通常与社会事件、阅读推广活动有一定关联。基于此结论为图书馆的资源建设和服务优化提出有益参考,丰富了图书馆读者数据的价值挖掘研究。     

“双一流”高校图书馆组织机构设置特点与启示

对我国“双一流”建设高校图书馆组织机构设置现状及其改革实践情况进行调查分析发现,“一流大学”建设高校图书馆敢于创新,积极应对内外部环境变化;相比之下,“一流学科”建设高校图书馆更趋于保守。基于当前“双一流”建设高校图书馆呈现出管理架构多元化、内部管理弹性化、传统部门集成化而新型业务不断涌现等特点,在组织机构改革时,需要进行图书馆内外部环境扫描,制定合理的战略规划;以用户需求为导向进行机构设置,拓展业务范围与外延;打破行政壁垒,优化组织结构设计;紧密围绕高校发展战略与目标进行改革,切实服务于学校的学科建设与发展。     

档案馆的数据转型策略研究

档案馆数据转型的研究旨在为档案领域应对数据化进程提供实践策略,从而拓展档案理论与方法。本文选取NARA和NAA两个示范性案例呈现档案馆的前沿数据转型行动,从中总结转型要义并提供参考。由此,发现立足国家数字建设框架、融合档案馆本质职能、拓展数据对象认识、显现数据治理思路等转型要点,为我国档案馆的数据转型提出启示:提升数据转型认知、守正档案馆本质定位、升级数据层管理行动、拓展数据治理能力。     

陆费逵的出版人才观及其践履

一、大力吸引人才 人才与中华书局之间的关系是互利的,一方面中华书局为人才提供了展示自身才华的平台,另一方面人才的聚集使中华书局在社会上的影响扩大,出版物也因人才的加入而更受读者的青睐.     

基于图书情报档案一体化整合构建的文献交流思想述略

周文骏先生1980年代提出"文献交流"思想,指出文献交流学综合了图书馆学、情报学及其关系非常密切的目录学、档案学和文献学的共同的内容、原理与方法,并且在全书的内容体系中始终围绕图书馆工作、情报工作和档案工作的共同工作对象--文献进行论述.可以说基于图书情报档案一体化是文献交流思想的基本要旨,这对我们今天的学科建设和发展具有非常重要的现实意义.     

明确思路精心部署努力开创我国古籍保护工作新局面

编者按 为贯彻落实国务院办公厅《关于进一步加强古籍保护工作的意见》,研究部署古籍保护工作,启动中华古籍保护计划,2月28日,文化部在京召开了全国古籍保护工作会议.     

Genetic analysis for brix weight per stool and its component traits in sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum）

Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five component traits, including stalk diameter (SD), stalk length (SL), stalk number (SN), stalk weight (SW), and brix scale (BS) of sugarcane. Phenotypic data of all the six traits were analyzed by mixed linear model and their phenotype variances were portioned into additive (A),dominance (D), additive×environment interaction (AE) and dominance×environment interaction (DE) effects, and the correlations of A, D, AE and DE effects between BW and its components were estimated. Conditional analysis was employed to investigate the contribution of the components traits to the variances of A, D, AE and DE effects of BW. It was observed that the heritabilities of BW were significantly attributed to A, D and DE by 23.9%, 30.9% and 28.5%, respectively. The variance of A effect for BW was significantly affected by SL, SN and BS by 25.3%, 93.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The variances of D and DE effects for BW were also significantly influenced by all the five components by 5.1%～85.5%. These determinants might be helpful in sugarcane breeding and provide valuable information for multiple-trait improvement of BW.     

In vitro assessment of gastrointestinal viability of two photosynthetic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodopseudomonas palustris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</Emphasis>

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.     

Novel distribution pattern of fibrinolytic components in rabbit tissues extract： a preliminary study

Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues. Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a variety of rabbit tissues, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen (Plg), plasmin (Pl) and α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI), were determined by colorimetric assay. Results: The tissue extracts in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen demonstrated strong fibrinolytic function, in which high activity of tPA, Plg and Pl was manifested; whereas in skeletal muscle, tongue and stomach, higher activity of PAI-1 and α2PI showed obviously. Also excellent linear correlations were found between levels of tPA and PAI-1, Pl and α2PI, Plg and Pl. In related tissues, renal cortex and renal marrow showed distinctly higher activity of tPA and lower activity of PAI-1, with the levels of Plg and Pl in renal cortex being higher than those in renal marrow, where the α2PI level was higher than that in renal cortex. Similarly, the levels of tPA, Plg and Pl in small intestine were higher than those in large intestine, but with respect to PAI-1 and α2PI, the matter was reverse. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity in muscle tissue was lower, however, the levels of tPA, Plg, and Pl in cardiac muscle were obviously higher than those in skeletal muscles, and the levels of PAI-1 and α2PI were significantly lower than those in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a remarkable difference of the fibrinolytic patterns exists in rabbit tissues, which has probable profound significance in understanding the relationship between the function of haemostasis or thrombosis and the physiologic function in tissues.