Quantitative evaluation of air pollution in transport strategic environmental assessment: a case study based on uncertainty analysis and graphic information system technology

Although the impact of road transport on urban air quality has achieved a high profile in China, still greater attention is required as it has not yet been considered fully even in relation to the road network linking cities and urban areas. Strategic environmental assessment （SEA） is a systematic and comprehensive process for evaluating the environmental impacts of a policy, plan or program in publicly accountable decision-making. Air pollution has been recognized as a significant issue in most transport SEA practices. The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Hubei Road Network Plan （2002-2020） （HRNP） was introduced as one of the World Bank＇s pilot SEA projects. An effective framework was developed to investigate the functional relationship between the road network and its potential air pollutant emissions. In this study, two indicators were identified： emission intensity/ inventory of pollutants and the spatial distribution of the most polluted areas. Because strategic actions are inherently nebulous and data quality is often disappointing, three alternative scenarios were employed to address uncertainties and data/scale issues. Calculations were made using emission models and results were analyzed with the help of statistical tools and the geographic information system （GIS）. The results from the project implementation and the feedback from the World Bank have both shown that the proposed framework is effective in the transport SEA process.     

Simulation of top-down crack propagation in asphalt pavements

Top-down crack in asphalt pavements has been reported as a widespread mode of failure.A solid understanding of the mechanisms of crack growth is essential to predict pavement performance in the context of thickness design,as well as in the design and optimization of mixtures.Using the coupled element free Galerkin (EFG) and finite element (FE) method,top-down crack propagation in asphalt pavements is numerically simulated on the basis of fracture mechanics.A parametric study is conducted to isolate the effects of overlay thickness and stiffness,base thickness and stiffness on top-down crack propagation in asphalt pavements.The results show that longitudinal wheel loads are disadvantageous to top-down crack because it increases the compound stress intensity factor (SIF) at the tip of top-down crack and shortens the crack path,and thus the fatigue life descends.The SIF experiences a process "sharply ascending—slowly descending—slowly ascending—sharply ascending again" with the crack propagating.The thicker the overlay or the base,the lower the SIF; the greater the overlay stiffness,the higher the SIF.The crack path is hardly affected by stiffness of the overlay and base.     

大学生网络道德的生成困境与解决途径

网络以其独特的方式影响着社会的各个方面和领域,高校大学生更是深受其影响。网络在改变着大学生学习、思维和生活模式的同时,也影响到了大学生的道德意识生成。文章从网络道德的特点出发,分析了网络对大学生道德意识的影响尤其是负面影响,进而探讨了培养大学生网络道德的主要途径。     

谈农村基层民主建设中农民的思想政治教育

农村的发展直接关系到我国社会主义的建设,所以中央一直把农村的发展作为重中之重。十六大以来,中央继续加大新农村建设力度,在发展经济的同时,也更加注重政治、文化和社会的全面发展,这其中以村民自治为主要内容的农村基层民主建设受到高度重视,而农民作为基层民主建设的主体,其思想状况直接影响了建设的效果,因此,研究农民思想情况,进而有针对性地加强教育势在必行。     

论李清照词的“不独雄于闺阁”

李清照是我国宋代一位杰出的女作家,被誉为婉约词之宗。她的词作清新隽永,不假雕琢,感情真挚,形成了独特的风格——＂易安体＂。明代杨慎在《词品》中称她的词＂不独雄于闺阁也＂,这来源于她的词作在意象选择上的同象异意,情感表现上的自我化抒情和创作意识上的双性意蕴。     

历史虚无主义是唯心主义的历史观

历史虚无主义通过它的反历史、反科学的研究方法,表现出它的唯心主义历史观.它违背实事求是的历史研究的根本原则,违背全面、客观的历史研究方法;否认和反对阶级分析的历史研究方法.历史虚无主义是按照他们的主观愿望和政治诉求来对待历史,是唯心主义历史观在新的历史条件下的复活和再版.     

基于软件的大学英语听说活动调查与分析——谈《大学体验英语听说学习系统》

新的《大学英语课程教学要求》的一个重要内容是提倡网络环境下的听说教学和训练。通过问卷调查,学生访谈,结合作者的实际教学经验提出了基于软件的大学英语听说活动目前仍存在学生、教师及系统本身三方面问题,同时也肯定了听说系统的优点,展望了基于软件的听说教学的未来。     

谈初中语文修辞教学

什么是修辞?我们用语言交流思想、传达信息,不仅要表达得准确无误、清楚明白,还应该力求做到生动形象、贴切鲜明,尽可能给人们深刻的印象和语言艺术的美感。要做到这一点,就不能不考虑,在表达内容、语境确定的前提下,如何积极调动语言因素,配合非语言因素,以最恰切完美的语言加工形式去获得最佳的表达效果,这就是修辞。     

网络免费会议论文的采集研究

网络免费会议论文是传播研究成果、促进学术交流的重要信息资源,但是由于网络信息自身的分散无序性、快速消逝性,目前缺乏系统的方法对网络免费会议论文进行采集。文章从网络免费会议论文的传播模式入手,探讨了网络免费会议论文的采集原则,深入分析了网络免费会议论文的来源渠道,并针对不同的来源渠道设计了相应的采集模式。     

社区图书馆:概览、评价与思考

文章对社区、社区服务、社区图书馆含义分别进行界定,在概览国内外社区图书馆建设与服务现状的基础上进行综合分析与评价,提出促进我国社区图书馆可持续发展的对策与模式。