Extraterrestrial artificial photosynthetic materials for in-situ resource utilization

Aerospace milestones in human history, including returning to the moon and manned Martian missions, have been implemented in recent years. Space exploration has become one of the global common goals, and to ensure the survival and development of human beings in the extraterrestrial extreme environment has been becoming the basic ability and technology of manned space exploration. For the purpose of fulfilling the goal of extraterrestrial survival, researchers in Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology proposed extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis (EAP) technology. By simulating the natural photosynthesis of green plants on the Earth, EAP converts CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in an in-situ, accelerated and controllable manner by using waste CO₂ in the confined space of spacecraft, or abundant CO₂ resources in extraterrestrial celestial environments, e.g. Mars. Thus, the material loading of manned spacecraft can be greatly reduced to support affordable and sustainable deep space exploration. In this paper, EAP technology is compared with existing methods of converting CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in the aerospace field, especially the Sabatier method and Bosch reduction method. The research progress of possible EAP materials for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources are also discussed in depth. Finally, this review lists the challenges that the EAP process may encounter, which need to be focused on for future implementation and application. We expect to deepen the understanding of artificial photosynthetic materials and technologies, and aim to strongly support the development of manned spaceflight.     

移动终端上文献管理工具的比较研究

文献管理工具是一种可以有效提高科研工作者学习研究效率的软件,移动终端上的文献管理工具将用户从PC中解脱出来,让用户可以随时随地阅读、管理参考文献.论文选取五款典型的移动终端上的文献管理工具,采用ISO/IEC9126-2000模型,分别从功能性、效率性、易用性、可移植性四个方面进行比较.最后,针对比较结果,指出目前移动终端的文献参考工具具有网络搜索功能薄弱、共享方式少、检索方式单一和书目信息导出方面的功能缺失等不足.     

体育院校实验班英语教学的创新研究

本文在基于对体育院校实验班群体特征以及影响该群体英语水平提高因素分析的基础上,主要从教学理念、教学模式、课程设置与教材选择、教学内容与教学手段、评估体系等五个方面阐述体育院校实验班英语教学的创新。     

Non-fragile observer-based sliding mode control for a class of uncertain switched systems

In this work, the problem of non-fragile sliding mode control is investigated for a class of uncertain switched systems with state unavailable. First, a non-fragile sliding mode observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasured state. And then, a state-estimate-based sliding mode controller is designed, in which a weighted sum approach of the input matrices is utilized to obtain a common sliding surface. It is shown that the reachability of the specified sliding surface can be ensured by the present sliding mode controller. Moreover, the exponential stability of the sliding mode dynamics is analyzed by adopting the average dwell time method. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.     

Fabrication of two dimensional polyethylene terephthalate nanofluidic chip using hot embossing and thermal bonding technique

We present in this paper a method for obtaining a low cost and high replication precision 2D (two dimensional) nanofluidic chip with a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet, which uses hot embossing and a thermal bonding technique. The hot embossing process parameters were optimized by both experiments and the finite element method to improve the replication precision of the 2D nanochannels. With the optimized process parameters, 174.67 ± 4.51 nm wide and 179.00 ± 4.00 nm deep nanochannels were successfully replicated into the PET sheet with high replication precision of 98.4%. O₂ plasma treatment was carried out before the bonding process to decrease the dimension loss and improve the bonding strength of the 2D nanofluidic chip. The bonding parameters were optimized by bonding rate of the nanofluidic chip. The experiment results show that the bonding strength of the 2D PET nanofluidic chip is 0.664 MPa, and the total dimension loss of 2D nanochannels is 4.34 ± 7.03 nm and 18.33 ± 9.52 nm, in width and depth, respectively. The fluorescence images demonstrate that there is no blocking or leakage over the entire micro- and nanochannels. With this fabrication technology, low cost polymer nanochannels can be fabricated, which allows for commercial manufacturing of nano-components.     

国家情报评估与决策的关系——基于多源流理论和认知心理学双重视角

[目的 /意义]《国家情报评估》被认为是美国情报界最正规和最高水平的战略分析产品.对国家情报评估与决策的关系深入研究,可有助于我国完善科学决策体系,对国家治理体系现代化建设大有裨益.[方法/过程]基于多源流理论和认知心理学,从建议采纳视角出发构建出国家情报评估与决策的影响机制模型,借助模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)...     

新课标下高中语文教学的矛盾与解决策略

在高中学习阶段,高中语文作为一门重要的基础性语言课程,对于培养高中生的文学素养与语言能力发挥着至关重要的作用。本文首先对普通高中语文教学中存在的诸多矛盾与问题进行了深入的分析,然后有针对性地提出了一系列行之有效的解决普通高中语文教学矛盾与问题的对策与措施,以期能够有效提高普通高中语文的教学质量和教学成效。     

应用型人才培养中的人文素质教育问题研究

指出了应用型人才培养过程中人文素质教育进一步被弱化的倾向,揭示了当前高校人文素质教育普遍存在的若干问题,分析了人文素质教育对于应用型人才培养的重要性和必要性,从培养方案、课程改革、教师队伍建设和校园文化等方面提出了建议和对策。     

创新评价机制点亮美术课堂--对小班化美术评价的思考

课堂评价是小学美术教学的重要环节,是激发学生美术学习兴趣、培养美术综合能力的重要途径。本文指出,当代小班化课堂仍沿用传统大班的美术课堂评价机制,存在很多问题,这严重影响了小班化优势的发挥。为适应小班化要求,应树立“学生中心”的课堂评价观。同时本文重点论述了多元评价方法的实施策略,强调美术评语要有“美术味儿”,以此激励学生,进而增强学生的兴趣和信心,唤醒学生对美术的热爱之情,点亮小学美术课堂。