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891.
The contributions to this special issue document some recent advances of cognitive load theory, and are based on contributions
to the Third International Cognitive Load Theory Conference (2009), Heerlen, The Netherlands. The contributions focus on developments
in example-based learning, amongst others on the effects of integrating worked examples in cognitive tutoring systems; specify
the effects of transience on cognitive load and why segmentation may help counteract these effects in terms of the role of
time in working memory load; and discuss the possibilities offered by electroencephalography (EEG) to provide a continuous
and objective measure of cognitive load. This article provides a short introduction to the contributions in this issue. 相似文献
892.
This study shows the results of a two-year longitudinal study where the same participants were followed for two consecutive years as they enter secondary school (aged 12–14 years). The main issue was to investigate the development of both the quantity and the quality of metacognitive skills. Another issue was to establish whether the development of metacognitive skillfulness is intelligence-related or relatively intelligence-independent. Finally, the generality vs. domain-specificity of developing metacognitive skillfulness was investigated. Thirty-two secondary school students participated in this study. While thinking aloud they performed two different tasks representing two different domains: A text-studying task for history and a problem-solving task for math. Participants' intellectual ability, metacognitive skillfulness and learning performance were assessed. Results show a quantitative as well as a qualitative growth in metacognitive skillfulness. Furthermore, results of both years show that metacognitive skillfulness contributed to learning performance (partly) independent of intellectual ability. A parallel development of metacognitive and intellectual ability was found. Finally, metacognitive skills predominantly appear to be general. Domain-specific metacognitive skills, however, played a substantial, but minor role as well in both years. Instructional implications are being discussed. 相似文献
893.
Fons J.R. van de Vijver 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(6):574-576
It is argued that Stankov's proposal to view unforgivingness as underlying the combination of high educational achievement, anxiety, and self-doubt is an original way of summarizing Confucian score patterns. However, it is argued that the proposal cannot explain why reading scores in Confucian countries are not higher than in other countries and that an empirical study to test the proposal is difficult to conduct as it would require the involvement of many different countries. 相似文献
894.
Tamara van Gog Dominique M. A. Sluijsmans Desirée Joosten-ten Brinke Frans J. Prins 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(3):311-324
This article describes a blueprint for an online learning environment that is based on prominent instructional design and
assessment theories for supporting learning in complex domains. The core of this environment consists of formative assessment
tasks (i.e., assessment for learning) that center on professional situations. For each professional situation, three levels of situational complexity
are defined, and within each of these three levels, tasks are offered that differ in the degree of support offered to the
learner. This environment can support (beginning) professionals in complex domains in gaining insight into the available repertoire
of behavior in professional situations, as well as into the quality and effectiveness of that behavior (assessment criteria),
while simultaneously helping them to develop insight into the standards that their own behavior should (eventually) match. 相似文献
895.
Wondimu Ahmed Alexander Minnaert Greetje van der Werf Hans Kuyper 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(5):507-511
This study examined the mutual influence of relatively stable personal competence and value beliefs and lesson specific appraisals of competence and value on daily emotional experiences of students in the classroom context. Personal competence and value beliefs were measured by means of questionnaire whereas appraisals and daily emotions were assessed by means of diary forms completed over a two-week period. Multilevel analyses of data from 120 grade seven students revealed that both personal competence-value beliefs and appraisals played an important role in determining daily emotional experiences in the classroom. More importantly, the results showed that the effects of stable personal variables on daily emotional experiences were mediated by lesson specific appraisals. In general, the results support cognitive mediational models of emotion that capitalize on the importance of both personal and situational characteristics in emotion elicitation. 相似文献
896.
Natasha A. Dobrova-Krol Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Femmie Juffer 《Child development》2010,81(1):237-251
To study the effects of perinatal HIV-1 infection and early institutional rearing on the physical and cognitive development of children, 64 Ukrainian uninfected and HIV-infected institutionalized and family-reared children were examined (mean age = 50.9 months). Both HIV infection and institutional care were related to delays in physical and cognitive development, with a larger effect of the rearing environment. Family care, even of compromised quality, was found to be more favorable for children's physical and cognitive development than institutional care. The impact of the quality of child care on physical and cognitive development is discussed in light of future interventions. 相似文献
897.
A framework for teaching scientific inquiry in upper secondary chemistry education was constructed in a design research consisting of two research cycles. First, in a pilot study a hypothetical framework was enriched in collaboration with five chemistry teachers. Second, a main study in this community of teachers and researchers was conducted on the process of designing teaching scientific inquiry based on the enriched framework. Also, the enactment by five teachers and 80 students (age 17) of a designed inquiry module on “Diffusion: moving particles” was studied. This resulted in a theoretically and practically founded framework for teaching scientific inquiry, in which an iterative cycle of inquiry for students and a student inquiry community are essential. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:788–806, 2010 相似文献
898.
This study examined whether the formation of a situation model can be encouraged by a situation‐focused instruction in primary school children. To achieve this, the standard reading‐for‐comprehension instruction was adapted so that it would emphasise the importance of imagination in narrative text comprehension. The results showed that the situational instruction enhanced the situation model construction abilities in good comprehenders in such a way that it improved not only their memory for the situation model but also the ease with which they filled in the gaps in time and space that appeared in the narratives. In poor comprehenders, the situational instruction led to a redistribution of attentional resources allocated to textbase‐ and situation‐level processing. It was suggested that this caused them to go beyond encoding the explicit text and instead construct a situation model from it, and that they did so without enriching the model with general‐knowledge inferences as much as good comprehenders. 相似文献
899.
900.
Herman G. van de Werfhorst 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(2):157-169
In this paper I discuss two weaknesses in Bourdieu’s work on cultural capital, both of which are related to his integration of the multidimensional nature of social space in different domains of life: social mobility, lifestyle differentiation, and political orientation. First, there is an anomaly between the work on social mobility and on lifestyles. Multiple dimensions of social origin (cultural and economic capital) are related to uni‐dimensional outcomes (e.g. schooling levels), whereas it would be more appropriate to study multidimensional schooling outcomes too. Secondly, although Bourdieu sees a close resemblance in the type of resources affecting lifestyle preferences and political orientations, I argue that these outcomes are affected by two different types of resources: cultural and communicative resources. Proposals for progress, including a review of the empirical results supporting these, are given. 相似文献