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101.
In this article, teachers' sense-making and reasoning about higher education reforms in a post Soviet country, namely Armenia, are examined using an analytical framework with six sensitising concepts: beliefs, emotions, attitudes, change knowledge, attributions and organisational culture. The results of semi-structured interviews with 12 Armenian higher education teachers showed that they mainly felt distrust towards reforms and that the implementation initiatives caused dissatisfaction, frustration and therefore distortion. At a deeper level, the teachers mostly felt excluded from the reform process and that their role was depreciated. One striking feature was the predominant causal attribution of teachers to external, unstable and uncontrollable factors which question the success of the reforms. 相似文献
102.
Laaksonen T Sariola H Johansson A Jern P Varjonen M von der Pahlen B Sandnabba NK Santtila P 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(7):480-490
Objective
We examined (1) the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences as a function of cohort and gender, (2) the prevalence of factors associated with CSA as a function of cohort and whether the association of these factors with CSA remained the same irrespective of cohort, and (3) whether any cohort differences could be explainable by cohort differences in reporting bias.Method
We used the responses of 4,561 men (M = 29, SD = 7 years) and 8,361 female (M = 29, SD = 7 years) Finnish participants who responded to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form as well as questions regarding family structure.Results
The prevalence of CSA experiences varied between 0.7-4.6% for men and 1.8-7.5% for women depending on the item. Younger cohorts reported less CSA as well as less of the risk factors (physical neglect and abuse, emotional neglect and abuse, parental substances abuse, not growing up with both biological parents) that were positively associated with the likelihood of CSA. The effects of these risk factors did not vary as a function of the cohort. Also, the declining trend was not explainable by social desirability being higher in the younger cohorts.Conclusions
The results suggest that there is a real decline in the prevalence of CSA and it is associated with a simultaneous decline in factors associated with CSA. 相似文献103.
Jaap Schuitema Carla van Boxtel Wiel Veugelers Geert ten Dam 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2011,26(1):85-107
This study investigates the relationship between the quality of student dialogue and students’ ability to justify their viewpoints
on a moral issue. A curriculum unit for dialogic citizenship education was developed and implemented in the 8th grade of secondary
education. In the final lesson, students discussed a moral issue and then wrote an essay on it. The results show that students
who made more value-related utterances during the discussion also referred more often and more explicitly in their individually
written essays to moral values. This study indicates that the quality of the content of students’ dialogue is important for
their ability to substantiate their opinion on moral issues with value-laden argumentation. Approaches to citizenship education
in which dialogue is a central element should, therefore, pay specific attention to the validation of ideas in student dialogue. 相似文献
104.
105.
Dirk T. Tempelaar Sybrand Schim van der Loeff Wim H. Gijselaers Jan F. H. Nijhuis 《Research in higher education》2011,52(4):395-419
Student achievement motivations are crucial in learning in two ways: as a determinant and an aim of learning. In this study,
we focus on two related questions with regard to achievement motivations: to what extent are they subject-specific, and to
what extent are they malleable? Answers to both questions are especially important when aiming to influence motivations. Malleability
of motivation is studied by designing structural equation models that explain achievement motivation out of the most stable
student characteristics one can think of: gender, and personality traits. Subject matter variability is studied by estimating
these models for five main subject areas in a business program. The motivation construct we use is based on the expectancy-value
model and distinguishes four different facets: cognitive competence, difficulty, task-value and affect. We find evidence for
strong subject-specificity and considerable non-malleability of achievement motivation; part of that last aspect is a remarkably
constant over-confidence gender gap present in the data of the calibration of competency beliefs and performance in all subject
areas. 相似文献
106.
107.
Bart Van Looy Paolo LandoniJulie Callaert Bruno van PottelsbergheEleftherios Sapsalis Koenraad Debackere 《Research Policy》2011,40(4):553-564
The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
108.
Lidwien van de WijngaertAuthor Vitae Willem PietersonAuthor Vitae Marije L. TeerlingAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(5):415-419
Information technology allows national and local governments to satisfy the needs of citizens in a cost effective way. Unfortunately, citizens still tend to prefer traditional, more costly channels, such as the front desk, phone and mail. Through pilot projects government agencies attempt to influence this behavior of citizens, directing them towards the online channel. With this paper we provide insight into the possibility to influence citizens’ behavior in the complex landscape of multi-channel service provision. The paper systematically compares five pilot projects using a framework that is based on organizational and marketing literature. The results show that socio-psychological factors are crucial in multi-channel management, much more than the technology itself. We conclude that citizens can be directed towards the online channel. However, not all projects are successful. Economic and legal instruments tend to sort more direct effects than communication or service instruments. Moreover, organizational factors such as bureaucracy often hinder eventual success. Choosing a smart and relatively small scope and strong project manager may help to evoke success in directing citizen online behavior. 相似文献
109.
Felicitas Kraemer Kees van Overveld Martin Peterson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):251-260
We argue that some algorithms are value-laden, and that two or more persons who accept different value-judgments may have
a rational reason to design such algorithms differently. We exemplify our claim by discussing a set of algorithms used in
medical image analysis: In these algorithms it is often necessary to set certain thresholds for whether e.g. a cell should
count as diseased or not, and the chosen threshold will partly depend on the software designer’s preference between avoiding
false positives and false negatives. This preference ultimately depends on a number of value-judgments. In the last section
of the paper we discuss some general principles for dealing with ethical issues in algorithm-design. 相似文献
110.
Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard Heersmink Jeroen van den Hoven Nees Jan van Eck Jan van den Berg 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):241-249
This paper presents the first bibliometric mapping analysis of the field of computer and information ethics (C&IE). It provides
a map of the relations between 400 key terms in the field. This term map can be used to get an overview of concepts and topics
in the field and to identify relations between information and communication technology concepts on the one hand and ethical
concepts on the other hand. To produce the term map, a data set of over thousand articles published in leading journals and
conference proceedings in the C&IE field was constructed. With the help of various computer algorithms, key terms were identified
in the titles and abstracts of the articles and co-occurrence frequencies of these key terms were calculated. Based on the
co-occurrence frequencies, the term map was constructed. This was done using a computer program called VOSviewer. The term
map provides a visual representation of the C&IE field and, more specifically, of the organization of the field around three
main concepts, namely privacy, ethics, and the Internet. 相似文献