Changes in parental depression symptoms during family preservation services

Objectives

Parental depression symptoms often change over the course of child welfare family preservation and parenting services. This raises the question of whether certain processes in family preservation services might be associated with depression symptom change. This study tests three correlational models of change among family preservation service participants: (a) changes in depression symptoms are one facet of broad general changes in wellbeing; (b) the quality of the home visitor-client relationship is associated depression symptom changes; and (c) linking parents to adjunctive services is associated with symptom changes.

Methods

Participants were 2,175 parents in family preservation services, largely for child neglect, who were surveyed using standard measures at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6 month follow-up. Change patterns were evaluated using growth models, including bivariate parallel and multivariate second-order models.

Results

Parallel growth was noted among depression symptoms and changes in social, economic, familial, and parenting domains. A second order change model positing a global change pattern fit the data well. Working alliance had a modest association with improvement, but successful linkage to outside mental health services was not associated with improvement.

Conclusions

Changes in diverse indicators of wellbeing follow a global pattern which might support use of less complex rather than more fully comprehensive service plans. Findings about lack of adjunctive usual care mental health service benefit may be related to uncontrolled factors and this is a topic in need of additional study.     

The relation between abuse and violent delinquency: the conversion of shame to blame in juvenile offenders

Objective

While the relationship between abusive parenting and violent delinquency has been well established, the cognitive and emotional processes by which this occurs remain relatively unidentified. The objective of this work is to apply a conceptual model linking abusive parenting to the conversion of shame into blaming others and therefore to violent delinquency.

Methods

A retrospective study of 112 adolescents (90 male; 22 female; ages 12-19 years; M = 15.6; SD = 1.4) who were incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility pending criminal charges, completed measures of exposure to abusive and nonabusive discipline, expressed and converted shame, and violent delinquency.

Results

Findings tend to confirm the conceptual model. Subjects who converted shame (i.e., low expressed shame, high blaming others) tended to have more exposure to abusive parenting and showed more violent delinquent behavior than their peers who showed expressed shame. Subjects who showed expressed shame (i.e., high expressed shame, low blaming others) showed less violent delinquency than those who showed converted shame.

Conclusions

Abusive parenting impacts delinquency directly and indirectly through the effects of shame that is converted. Abusive parenting leads to the conversion of shame to blaming others, which in turn leads to violent delinquent behavior.

Practice implications

For juvenile offenders, the conversion of shame into blaming others appears to contribute to pathological outcomes in relation to trauma. Translation of this work into clinical practice is recommended.     

Changes in the prevalence of child sexual abuse, its risk factors, and their associations as a function of age cohort in a Finnish population sample

Objective

We examined (1) the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences as a function of cohort and gender, (2) the prevalence of factors associated with CSA as a function of cohort and whether the association of these factors with CSA remained the same irrespective of cohort, and (3) whether any cohort differences could be explainable by cohort differences in reporting bias.

Method

We used the responses of 4,561 men (M = 29, SD = 7 years) and 8,361 female (M = 29, SD = 7 years) Finnish participants who responded to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form as well as questions regarding family structure.

Results

The prevalence of CSA experiences varied between 0.7-4.6% for men and 1.8-7.5% for women depending on the item. Younger cohorts reported less CSA as well as less of the risk factors (physical neglect and abuse, emotional neglect and abuse, parental substances abuse, not growing up with both biological parents) that were positively associated with the likelihood of CSA. The effects of these risk factors did not vary as a function of the cohort. Also, the declining trend was not explainable by social desirability being higher in the younger cohorts.

Conclusions

The results suggest that there is a real decline in the prevalence of CSA and it is associated with a simultaneous decline in factors associated with CSA.     

大学和社会经济发展的关系

在发言开始前,我想对受邀参加本次校长会议表示感谢,并代表开普敦大学以及南非向清华大学表达诚挚的祝贺和良好的祝愿。如同中国大学一样,我国的大学也正逐步融入世界大学群体。由于数十年的种族隔离制度作祟,来自学术界的杯葛接踵而至,南非的大学与国外同行间的合作或交换关系发展得异常困难与复杂。即使在     

扑克游戏

一张牌可以睡个懒觉,一张牌可以逃学一次,一张牌可以不做作业……这可不是一个天真又懒惰的学生写出来的愿望清单,而是乌伯特·盛旦老师发明的扑克游戏。     

万事俱备

课文大不同 你是否好奇过大洋彼岸的孩子们在读着怎样的课文？你是否遥想过父辈们当年所念的书本？本栏目就带你去瞧瞧那些曾经或正在与你同龄的伙伴们都在学习着怎样的课文．探寻精彩纷呈的语文世界。     

诗人华斯沃斯先生

有一天下午四点钟,来了一位奇／怪的人。那时我已经从学校回来,那个人对我说：“索尼,我可以进你们家的院子吗？”     

六便士

儿童是最不可预知的小生物。谁也不会明白像狄克这样乖巧、听话又懂事的孩子会突然任性地耍脾气,像姐姐说的那样,就像发疯的小狗,而且没有人能对付他。     

姆咪特罗尔变形记

夏天里一个温暖的日子,姆咪谷下着细雨,因此大家决定在室内玩捉迷藏。小吸吸站在墙角,双手捂住鼻子,数到十,然后转过身来开始捉——先到平时大家躲着的地方去捉．接着到一些特别的地方去捉。     

物理建模教学模式简介

建模教学是近30年来美国物理教学改革中最成功的教学模式之一．以认知建模理论为基础,建模教学包含3个循环的阶段：建立模型、检验和完善模型、应用模型,旨在帮助学生深入、连贯地学习物理学的思想方法．