美国大学应对气候变化挑战的行动及影响分析

气候变化已成为影响大学校园建设及教学、科研和服务的新生力量。美国大学应对气候变化挑战采取了积极的行动,并对大学教育、科研和服务产生了很深的影响。本文分析了美国大学为应对气候变化采取的行动及其影响,并在此基础上探讨大学如何综合考虑其环境责任、社会责任和经济利益,将大学校园建设与大学的教学、科研和服务功能相结合。本文对我国大学的教育、科研和服务创新具有借鉴意义,并对校园建设和发展具有很好的启发作用。     

工业革命4.0给科技伦理带来的风险与挑战

2010年以来,以信息化、智能化、物理、数字和生物等领域新技术融合为标志的工业革命4.0,给社会生产生活带来巨大变化和新的机遇,同时,也使人类陷入前所未有的新的伦理困境。工业革命4.0有其深刻的历史根源,西方主要学术流派对工业革命4.0带来的科技伦理风险进行了反思,并提出了有代表性的观点。在此基础上,系统梳理了全球化时代工业革命4.0的科技进步带来的伦理挑战,探讨了新时代科技与工程教育的新视角、新观点与新方法。     

网络上科学信息的时效性测量

时效性是影响网上信息质量的重要因素.本文以网上可公共获取的科学信息为对象,采用层次分析法分配信息时效性各测量指标的权重,选择数学、生命科学、物理、材料科学等8个学科门类的32个主题词进行跟踪查询,抽取Google、Yahoo和Altavista搜索引擎返回的前50个页面作为测量样本.测量结果为:网络科学信息时效性的平均得分为2.6482(总体样本2814个),仅有34.90%的网页时效性得分高于平均值.不同域名中,.gov测量结果最好;在不同资源类型方面,虚拟研究社区与博客的时效性最好.然而,时效性只是网络信息的质量特征之一,并不能仅仅根据时效性判断信息的质量.总的说来,网络科学信息的时效性有待提高.本研究中提出的时效性测评框架及方法有利于帮助研究人员和公众在查询信息时对其时效性作出初步判断.     

广西某县城生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例

广西某县城生活垃圾卫生填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理站采用"UASB+MBR+NF+RO"组合工艺,设计处理水量为100m3/d,出水水质指标执行《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)表2标准。文章重点介绍了该项目的工艺流程、主要构筑物及设备参数,系统调试运行操作及工艺优化措施。实践证明,做为当前国内垃圾渗滤液处理的主流工艺,该组合工艺能够稳定地去除垃圾渗滤液中各污染物。     

Unlike birds,bats might use a different magnetic compass to navigate

Bats, the only mammals known to possess the real ability to fly, have fascinated zoologists for a long time with their long-distance migration. How do they find their way home from an altitude of kilometers above sea level, where their stunt of ultrasonic echolocation does not work？ Recent discoveries supported the theory that bats might be able to use magnetic clues to figure out their own position,just like what birds do. However, the latest results from a joint study by a group of researchers from the CAS, East China Normal University and University of Auckland reveal that bats apply an interesting strategy different from the one underlying birds＇ orientation technique, though they both are believed to derive information about their position from the subtle changes in the magnetic field of the Earth.     

基于3D打印的先进制造技术创新实验开发

开发了一个基于3D打印技术,将三维CAD设计、有限元分析、3D打印、逆向工程等先进技术相结合的综合性创新实验.以微型四旋翼飞行器机身的轻量化设计为目标,用三维CAD软件设计机身结构,通过ANSYS软件对机身结构进行有限元分析,利用3D打印制作出机身,使用手持三维扫描仪对打印的机身进行三维重构和精度分析.该创新实验培养了...     

Genome degradation promotes Salmonella pathoadaptation by remodeling fimbriae-mediated proinflammatory response

Understanding changes in pathogen behavior(e.g.increased virulence,a shift in transmission channel) is critical for the public health management of emerging infectious diseases.Genome degradation via gene depletion or inactivation is recognized as a pathoadaptive feature of the pathogen evolving with the host.However,little is known about the exact role of genome degradation in affecting pathogenic behavior,and the underlying molecular detail has yet to be examined.Using large-scale global avian...     

The heterogeneity-diversity-system performance nexusOA

Ever-growing human population and nutritional demands,supply chain disruptions,and advancing climate change have led to the re alization that changes in diversity and system performance are intimately linked.Moreover,diversity and system performance depend on heterogeneity.Mitigating changes in system performance and promoting sustainable living conditions requires transformative decisions.Here,we introduce the heterogeneity-diversity-system performance(HDP) nexus as the conceptual basis upon wh...