芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

人力资源管理的风险研究

随着知识经济时代的到来,人力资源管理在企业经营管理中的作用变得更加重要。如何安全高效地进行企业人力资源管理也就成了企业十分关注的问题。本文就企业人力资源管理活动中可能出现的风险问题展开论述,按照风险识别、风险防范的顺序对人力资源管理风险进行了分析和研究,并分别从决策、制度以及法律三个方面提出人力资源管理风险的防范思路。     

高原隧道通过风积、沙积地层施工技术

高原地区由于风沙天气较多，常在山坡的受风面形成风积沙地层。高原隧道的洞口段常遇该类不良地质地层，风积沙围岩白稳能力极差，开挖时极易坍塌。施工防坍塌、沉降是影响安全和进度的重要因素，解决这一因素的有效方法成为高原隧道施工的课题。     

人力资源社会风险研究

人力资源作为一个整体系统时时刻刻都在和外界发生着数量和信息的交换，因此不仅人力资源自身的数量以及构成等会引发人力资源风险，而且产生于系统外部，与人力资源系统没有直接关系的社会环境也会引发人力资源风险。文章就人力资源社会风险问题，分别从政治、社会、经济和技术四个方面系统地分析了产生社会风险的成因，并从决策层、制度层和法律层提出了人力资源社会风险的防范。     

论区域投资环境的双向效应与过程优化

从项目投资的角度出发,在项目投资学内容的一个方面——项目投资对地区经济发展的影响,提出了区域投资环境的双向效应(诱导效应与投资效应)的动力机制,并从区域项目群本身的行为以及区域发展中政府行为对项目群的影响出发,分析了促进区域项目群“量”以及项目群和区域的“质”的同步增长的优化过程。     

新疆的芍药属

 The present paper deals with the genus Paeonia in Xinjiang, whose taxonomy has been confused. Based on the field observation, population sampling and the examination of herbarium specimens, a taxonomical revision is made in this paper.  Two species are recog- nized, i. e. Paeonia anomala L. and P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. P. altaica K. M. Dai et T.  H.  Ying is reduced to P.  sinjiangensis and P.  hybrida (= P.  anomala var. intermedia) is reduced to P. anomala. The diagnostic characters of the two species are de- scribed and illustrated, and a map of their distribution in Xinjiang is presented. A key to these two species is provided here. 1. Roots straight, not thickened; sepals all caudate, less frequently one or very rarely two     non-caudate  ................................................  1. P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. 2.  Roots fusiform or tuberous; inner three sepals non-caudate, less frequently one of them caudate  ..............................................................  2. P. anomala L. key words  Xinjiang; Paeonia; P. anomala; P. sinjiangensis; revision     

论强势媒体对弱势群体的关怀--以《南方周末》三农问题报道为例

本文通过对《南方周末》“三农问题”报道的分析研究，认为媒体定位走高是市场理性的体现，这一过程并不必然伴随着对社会弱势群体关注意识的淡化，相反，强势媒体在关注社会弱势群体这一媒体议程的设置中能够发挥重大作用。