Factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and attitudes toward concussion care seeking in a national survey of parents of middle-school children in the US

Background:Developing appropriate concussion prevention and management paradigms in middle school(MS)settings requires understanding parents’general levels of concussion-related knowledge and attitudes.This study examined factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes among parents of MS children(aged 10-15 years).Methods:A panel of 1224 randomly selected U.S.residents,aged ≥18 years and identifying as parents of MS children,completed an online questionnaire capturing parental and child characteristics.The parents’concussion-symptom knowledge was measured using 25 questions,with possible answers being“yes”,“maybe”,and“no”.Correct answers earned 2 points,“maybe”answers earned 1 point,and incorrect answers earned 0 point(range:0-50;higher scores=better knowledge).Concussion care-seeking attitudes were also collected using five 7-point scale items(range:5-35;higher scores=more positive attitudes).Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models identified predictors of higher scores.Models met proportional odds assumptions.Adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)(excluding 1.00)were deemed statistically significant.Results:Median scores were 39(interquartile range:32-44)for symptom knowledge and 32(interquartile range:28-35)for care-seeking attitude.In multivariable models,odds of better symptom knowledge were higher in women vs.men(aOR=2.28;95%CI:1.71-3.05),white/non-Hispanics vs.other racial or ethnic groups(aOR=1.88;95%CI:1.42-2.49),higher parental age(10-year-increase aOR=1.47;95%CI:1.26-1.71),and greater competitiveness(10%-scale-increase aOR=1.24;95%CI:1.13-1.36).Odds of more positive care-seeking attitudes were higher in white/non-Hispanics vs.other racial or ethnic groups(aOR=1.45;95%CI:1.06-1.99)and in older parental age(10-year-increase aOR=1.24;95%CI:1.05-1.47).Conclusion:Characteristics of middle school children’s parents(e.g.,sex,race or ethnicity,age)are associated with their concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes.Parents’variations in concussion knowledge and attitudes warrant tailored concussion education and prevention.     

大学治理:欧洲观点

在新公共管理哲学的影响下,欧洲大学的治理模式在宏观、中观和微观三个维度发生了明显的变化。传统的国家权威和学术寡头二元分治的格局被改变,政府越来越倾向于"远距离监督"大学而非直接控制,大学从松散耦合的学术团体日益转变成具有目标导向的、慎重行动的战略组织者,作为一个组织实体发挥决策和管理功能。     

恐龙的晚餐

一只饥饿的恐龙 悄悄来到我的家。 它已饿了一整天， 大大的肚子饿扁扁！     

等待已久的归来 SJ-M新专辑北京发布会现场

作为专注在中国乐坛发展的组合，SJ制的普通话程度备受关注。整场发布会，所有成员基本全程用中文交流，可见私下里有用心在学习。当被问到谁中文水平最好时，始源说每个成员都有擅长的不同场合，比如厉旭最会点菜，圭贤最会搞笑，东海说的话最奇怪。而晟敏也不忘揭露，始源说的话最肉麻，引来笑声一片。     

论缓冲溶液的制备

凡实验室涉及到生物学和化学的水溶液体系时,pH和离子强度(I)是两个极为重要的可变量。由于酸—碱混合物的存在,这两个参量往往相互依赖。控制pH值的通常方法是使用缓冲剂。它们是由那些对于溶液离子行为影响不大、且不活泼的稳定电解质来配制的。本文提出的方法适用于计算某种酸及其盐混合物的pH值和离子强度;或与此相反,用于计算配制预知pH值和离子强度(I)所需酸及其盐的相当量。这种计算方法很实用,具有启发性和直观教学的价值,在许多普通的可编程序计算器上容易完成。     

Science Letters:Discovery of ultrahigh-T spinel-garnet granulite with pure CO_2 fluid inclusions from the Altay orogenic belt, NW China

We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the or-thopyroxenes have high XMg and A12O3 contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO2 and XMg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around -56.7℃, indicating a pure CO2 species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3-23.8℃ translating into CO2 densities of the order of 0.86-0.88 g/cm3. Based on prelim     

说说"不"和"没"以及在汉语教学中的问题

少数民族成人学员在学习汉语时,会把已有的本族语知识推广到汉语中,这种推广有时有利于两种语言的对比,有时则会导致对汉语学习的干扰。本文通过例句分析,阐述了"不"和"没"的认识误区及核心意义,指出了避免少数民族学员混淆这两个否定副词的思路及如何准确、得体地运用否定副词等汉语教学问题。