芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道

In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P. papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials).  The micrographs of their somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo- type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb- bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo- somes in Table 1-4.  The essential points are mentioned as follows:        (1)   Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.        (2)  Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation of ploidy.  The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect. Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1).  Not only are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within  either section have the same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant. Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and 1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi- cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.        (3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of 2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one, for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb- bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.        (4)  Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid.  From the present work and the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers) (Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers) in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink and white flowers) are all tetraploids.  As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti- cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen- tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south  letraploids are the only cytotype.      (5)  The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in this  species,  but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed in the future investigation.     

高原隧道通过风积、沙积地层施工技术

高原地区由于风沙天气较多，常在山坡的受风面形成风积沙地层。高原隧道的洞口段常遇该类不良地质地层，风积沙围岩白稳能力极差，开挖时极易坍塌。施工防坍塌、沉降是影响安全和进度的重要因素，解决这一因素的有效方法成为高原隧道施工的课题。     

新疆的芍药属

 The present paper deals with the genus Paeonia in Xinjiang, whose taxonomy has been confused. Based on the field observation, population sampling and the examination of herbarium specimens, a taxonomical revision is made in this paper.  Two species are recog- nized, i. e. Paeonia anomala L. and P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. P. altaica K. M. Dai et T.  H.  Ying is reduced to P.  sinjiangensis and P.  hybrida (= P.  anomala var. intermedia) is reduced to P. anomala. The diagnostic characters of the two species are de- scribed and illustrated, and a map of their distribution in Xinjiang is presented. A key to these two species is provided here. 1. Roots straight, not thickened; sepals all caudate, less frequently one or very rarely two     non-caudate  ................................................  1. P. sinjiangensis K. Y. Pan. 2.  Roots fusiform or tuberous; inner three sepals non-caudate, less frequently one of them caudate  ..............................................................  2. P. anomala L. key words  Xinjiang; Paeonia; P. anomala; P. sinjiangensis; revision     

屡战屡败的“海军司令”桂永清

桂永清,字率真,江西贵溪人,1900年出生。1924年考取黄埔军校第一期,卒业后先后任连、营、团长及党代表等。1930年留学德国陆军军官学校,归国后历任中央军校教导总队长、南京警备副司令、驻德武官、驻英武官兼军事代表团团长。抗战结束后任军政部海军署代署长、海军副总司令、代总司令。1945年当选国民党第六届中央执行委员。     

浅论辽宋“女主临朝”

女主临朝,往往被士大夫们视为“干政”、引发国家动荡的不祥之兆.本文即将通过辽、北宋中期两位摄政太后——辽景宗承天皇太后及宋真宗章献明肃太后的执政经历、政绩得失进行对比,以求对宋辽两国后妃政治做一探究.     

浅论辽宋“女主临朝”

女主临朝,往往被士大夫们视为＂干政＂、引发国家动荡的不祥之兆。本文即将通过辽、北宋中期两位摄政太后——辽景宗承天皇太后及宋真宗章献明肃太后的执政经历、政绩得失进行对比,以求对宋辽两国后妃政治做一探究。     

预防涉密计算机网络泄密设想

信息化建设加快发展的同时,网络安全也随之受到了广泛的重视。网络安全的执行程度对于政府、军队、保密机构、科研院所等涉密单位来说显得尤为重要,如何保障保密资料不被泄露更是成为保密工作的重中之重。从软件和硬件的方面设计了涉密计算机在联网状态下,如何保障涉密计算机中的保密数据在最大程度下减小泄密几率的一套方案,并通过该方案的流程图详细的进行了介绍。     

运用多媒体技术优化护理专业英语教学

社会对护理人才英语水平的要求日益提高,提高护理专业学生的英语综合能力势在必行。本文探讨了多媒体技术在护理专业英语教学中的优点,提出了在教学实践中要注意的问题,达到运用多媒体技术优化护理专业英语教学的目的。