Diversity of Gram negative bacteria antagonistic against major pathogens of rice from rice seed in the tropic environment

INTRODUCTIONRiceseedharborsadozenofplantpathogen icbacteria (Gotoetal.,1 988;Xieetal.,1 998) .Thebacterialpathogenscausearangeofricediseases,someverydestructivewhileothershavenoeffectonricecropgrowth .Inthisstudy ,wefoundalargenumberofbacteriaasso ciatedw…     

Parameters in television captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing adults: effects of caption rate versus text reduction on comprehension

Caption rate and text reduction are factors that appear to affect the comprehension of captions by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. These 2 factors are confounded in everyday captioning; rate (in words per minute) is slowed by text reduction. In this study, caption rate and text reduction were manipulated independently in 2 experiments to assess any differential effects and possible benefits for comprehension by deaf and hard-of-hearing adults. Volunteers for the study included adults with a range of reading levels, self-reported hearing status, and different communication and language preferences. Results indicate that caption rate (at 130, 180, 230 words per minute) and text reduction (at 84%, 92%, and 100% original text) have different effects for different adult users, depending on hearing status, age, and reading level. In particular, reading level emerges as a dominant factor: more proficient readers show better comprehension than poor readers and are better able to benefit from caption rate and, to some extent, text reduction modifications.     

西德尼.哈里斯漫画

砂秘辱如.诬西德尼.哈里斯漫画@西德尼.哈里斯~~     

教学实习基地建设的实践

山西省交城县水峪贯地区是我系的教学实习基地。经过十几年的艰苦建设，已经成为我系一个稳定的、多功能的实习基地。在基地建设中，积累了较丰富的经验，且有较深刻的体会。一、实习基地位设的出有技学地位实习基地建设是学校基础设施建设之一，它在学校的教育教学中占有重要地位。教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体全面发展的建设者和接班人，是我国的教育目的和教育方针。高等学校应根据这个目的和方针，安排学校的一切教育教学活动，培养专门人才。高校的实践教学是与生产劳动相结合的体现。学生…     

DNA指纹术研究进展

一、什么是DNA指纹 人体包含有100万亿个细胞,它们组成各种器官和组织。染色体是遗传物质,存在于细胞核内。每个人体细胞内含有23对染色体,它们大小各异。遗传信息贮存于染色体内的DNA分子中,也就是说,基因的化学本质是有遗传效应的DNA片段。每个DNA分子含有很多个基因,基因的复制就是通过DNA的复制来完成的。DNA通常以双螺旋型的双链存在,它的基本组成单元是四个碱基,即腺嘌呤（A）、鸟嘌呤（G）、胞嘧啶（C）和胸腺嘧啶（T）。DNA双链通过氢键按A-T、G-C的互补配对方式绞结在一起。上述四种碱基在DNA长链中的不同排列组合,构成了一系列密码,在受精卵到个体形成的整个过程中起到调控作用,从而使得人类个体之间的特征千变万化,互相区别。     

Children's probability intuitions: understanding the expected value of complex gambles

Two experiments used Information Integration Theory to study how children judge expected value of complex gambles in which alternative outcomes have different prizes. Six-year-olds, 9-year-olds and adults (N = 73 in Study 1, N = 28 in Study 2) saw chance games that involved shaking a marble in a bicolored tube. One prize was won if the marble stopped on blue, another if it stopped on yellow. Children judged how happy a puppet playing the game would be, with the prizes and probability of the blue and yellow outcomes varied factorially. Three main results appeared in both studies: First, participants in all age groups used the normatively prescribed multiplication rule for integrating probability and value of each individual outcome--a striking finding because multiplicative reasoning does not usually appear before 8 years of age in other domains. Second, all age groups based judgment of overall expected value meaningfully on both alternative outcomes, but there were individual differences--many participants deviated from the normative addition rule, showing risk seeking and risk averse patterns of judgment similar to the risk attitudes often found with adults. Third, even the youngest children took probability to be an abstract rather than physical property of the game. Overall, in contrast to the traditional view, the present results demonstrate functional understanding of probability and expected value in children as young as 5 or 6. These results contribute to the growing evidence on children's intuitive reasoning competence. This intuition can, on the one hand, support surprisingly precocious performance in young children, but it may also contribute to the biases evident in adults' judgment and decision.     

我的科学经历

回想起来,在我成长过程中,既有与众不同的地方,也有许多很平凡的地方。在上高中以前,我完全没有机会接触科学,对于科学的作用几乎一无所知。就是上高中以后,我的主要精力     

Gesture as a window on children's beginning understanding of false belief

Given that gestures may provide access to transitions in cognitive development, preschoolers' performance on standard tasks was compared with their performance on a new gesture false belief task. Experiment 1 confirmed that children (N=45, M age=54 months) responded consistently on two gesture tasks and that there is dramatic improvement on both the gesture false belief task and a standard task from ages 3 to 5. In 2 subsequent experiments focusing on children in transition with respect to understanding false beliefs (Ns=34 and 70, M age=48 months), there was a significant advantage of gesture over standard and novel verbal-response tasks. Iconic gesture may facilitate reasoning about opaque mental states in children who are rapidly developing concepts of mind.     

元代及其以前的蒙古法

元代及其以前的蒙古法奇格（内蒙古社会科学院）蒙古社会是游牧经济，蒙古族的法律有着鲜明的游牧经济特点。在蒙古社会的家庭和氏族部落时代，没有成文法规，但有习惯生活规范。蒙古人在日常的劳动生产、生活中，敬仰长生天和自己的祖先，在规定的日子里他们要共同进行祭...